COMPOSITE. 
169 
natifid spinous, inner linear-lanceolate attenuated acute ciliated 
in the lower half, bracts shorter than the heads. — E. B. 1144. 
— St. G — 12 in. high, usually cottony, leafy. Root 1. lanceolate 
or linear-lanceolate. Under side of the 1. and involucral scales 
often cottony. Heads large, inner involucral scales cream-co- 
loured, florets red, anth. yellow. — Dry sandy heaths. B. VII. — X. 
Section 2. CENTA UREsE. Heads many-flowered, discoidal, 
outer row of florets usually barren enlarged and irregular. Invo- 
lucre of many rows. Filaments distinct. Pappus in many rows 
of different lengths, second row longest, setaceo-pilose, placed 
within the margin which surrounds the epigynous disk, rarely 0. 
28. Centaurea Linn. 
* Involucral scales with a scarious pectinated not decurrent 
appendage. 
1. C. Jacea (L.) ; involucral appendages torn the outer ones 
pinnatifid, heads radiant, pappus 0, 1. linear-lanceolate lower 
ones broader and toothed. — E. B. 1678. — Lower 1. ovate-lanceo- 
late, stalked, toothed. Involucre pale brown, few outermost scales 
with appendages deeply jagged in a pinnatifid manner, few in- 
nermost entire, the rest irregularly jagged. I have seen no na- 
tive specimens. — Very rare. Sussex. Borrer. Angusshire and 
Belfast. Hooker. P. VIII. IX. 
2. C. nigra (L.) ; involucral appendages erect ovate-attenuate 
pectinated, teeth divaricated capillary twice as long as the breadth 
of the appendage, pappus very short tufted, 1. lanceolate sinuate- 
dentate. — E. B. 278. — St. 1 — 2 feet high. L. scabrous. Invo- 
lucre nearly black externally, appendages of the outermost scales 
smaller and narrower than the others ; of the innermost row 
roundish, dark brown, membranous, jagged but not pectinated ; 
all contracted just below the appendage. Heads not radiant, 
florets all fertile purple or rarely white. — /3. radiata ; outer row 
of florets barren and radiant. C. nigrescens Willd. not DC. — A 
radiant plant, which is common near Bath, has its involucral ap- 
pendages much more irregular, the outermost very small, suc- 
ceeding rows broader and broader and about 3 innermost rows 
roundish and jagged irregularly, the teeth of the pectinated ones 
ascending, and the fr. nearly without pappus. In other respects 
it resembles C. nigra. — Meadows and pastures. P. VIII. IX. 
Black Knapweed. 
** Involucral scales lanceolate, their upper half with a somewhat 
scarious deeply toothed or fringed decurrent margin. 
3. C. Cyanus (L.) ; involucral scales erect adpressed deeply 
toothed, pappus as long as the fruit, I. linear-lanceolate, the 
