COMPOSITE. 
171 
Section 3. CARD UINEJE. Heads many-flowered, florets all 
tubular. Involucre in many rows of distinct spinous scales. Fila- 
ments distinct. Pappus in many rows, not surrounded by a 
prominent margin. 
29. Arctium Linn. 
1. A. Lappa (L.) ; heads subcorymbose, involucres nearly gla- 
brous with the inner scales subulate gradually attenuated into a 
mucronate point longer than the florets. — Lappa major Koch. — 
St. much branched, 3 — 4 feet high, leafy. L. cordate ovate, 
the lowermost very large. Iuvolucral scales all yellowish-green ; 
a few of the innermost narrowed very gradually into a short 
rigid straight point, the margins scarious not serrulate. Scarcely 
any trace of a web unless on the very youngest heads. — There 
is some confusion in the figures in E. B. and therefore I do not 
quote them. Waste places, not very common. JB. VII. VIII. 
Great Burdock. 
2. A. minus (Schkuhr) ; heads racemose, involucral scales con- 
nected by a cobweb-like down, inner ones coloured subulate ra- 
ther abruptly mucronate shorter than the florets. — Lappa Koch. 
— L. rather smaller than in the last. Heads smaller ; involu- 
cral scales nearly all tinged with purple, many of the inner ones 
without hooks but narrowed rather suddenly into an almost 
straight rigid point, margins minutely serrulate. Web often very 
slight. — Waste places. B. VII. VIII. Lesser Burdock. 
30. Onopordum Linn. 
1. 0. Acanthium (L.) ; st. erect many-headed, 1. elliptic-ob- 
long woolly on both sides sinuate spinous decurrent, outer invo- 
lucral scales lanceolate-subulate recurved and spreading. — E. B. 
977- — St. 4 — 5 feet high, woolly, with broad spinous wings, 
branched. Involucre nearly globose, large, somewhat cottony; 
scales fringed with minute spinous teeth. Florets purple. — 
Waste ground. B.VIII. Cotton Thistle. E. S. 
31. Carduus Linn. 
* Pappus rough. Carduus Sm., D.C., Koch. 
1. C. nutans (L.) ; 1. decurrent spinous lanceolate sinuated, 
heads solitary drooping hemispherical, involucral scales lanceolate 
cottony outer ones rejiexed. — E. B. 1112. — St. 2 feet high, erect, 
angular, furrowed, cottony, winged. L. hairy on both sides, 
■woolly on the veins beneath, pinnatifid with 3-lobed wavy spinose- 
ciliated segments terminated by strong spines. Heads large, 
florets purple. Intermediate involucral scales contracted above 
the base and then lanceolate. — Waste ground. B. V. — VIII. 
Musk Thistle. 
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