COMPOSITE. 
179 
nanthes Sm. E. B. 457. Phanixopus Koch. — St. erect, a foot 
high, smooth, round, hollow. Florets bright yellow. Fruit black. 
—Banks and old walls. A. ? (P. Sm.) VII. E. I. 
46. Taraxacum Juss. 
1. T. officinale (Wigg.) ; 1. runcinate glabrous toothed, fr. 
liuear-obovate blunt and squamosely muricated at the summit 
longitudinally striated with a long beak. — Stalks single-headed, 
radical. Florets yellow. L. all radical, very variable. The 
following varieties may be noticed since they are considered as 
species by DeCandolle, but they are quite connected by inter- 
mediate forms. — 1. Outer involucral scales reflexed or patent. — 
tt. genuinum ; outer scales linear deflexed, fr. yellow its upper half 
muricated, glabrous or woolly at the crown of the root, 1. runcinate 
broad. Leontodon taraxacum Sm. E. B. 510. — /3. T. lavigatum 
(DC.) ; outer scales erecto-patent ovate, fr. reddish-yellow muri- 
cated at the summit, beak with a thickened and coloured base, 
1. runcinate-pinnatiiid with unequal teeth. — y. T. ergthrospermum 
(DC.) ; outer scales lanceolate adpressed or patent, fr. bright red 
muricated at the summit, beak with a thickened and coloured 
base, 1. runcinate-pinnatifid with unequal teeth and intermediate 
smaller ones. T. Icevigatum Bab. Lowermost 1. sometimes ob- 
ovate and dentate not runcinate when it becomes T. obovatum 
DC. — 2. Outer scales adpressed. — 8. palustre (Sm.) ; outer scales 
ovate-acuminate, fr. pale yellow muricated at the summit, 1. ob- 
long and entire sinuate-dentate or runcinate ; or outer scales 
ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate. E. B. 553.— Very common, y. in 
dry places, <S. in bogs. P. III. — X. Dandelion. 
47. Barkhausia Moench. 
1. B. taraxacifolia (DO); 1. rough runcinate-pinnatifid, heads 
erect, involucre bristly and downy covering half the pappus its 
outer scales ovate- lanceolate with a membranous margin, bracts 
herbaceous, fr. all equally beaked. — Root fusiform. St. 1 — 2 feet 
high, hispid, angular, furrowed, purple below, at length branched, 
corymbose. L. mostly radical simple with retrorse teeth, or 
deeply pinnatifid with the terminal lobe large. Stem 1. few, 
small, sessile, clasping, deeply pinnatifid and toothed. Unopened 
heads erect. Florets yellow, purple beneath. Fr. narrowing 
very gradually into a setaceous beak of about its own length, 
ribs rough. — Limestone districts. B. VI. VII. E. 
2. B.fcetida (DC.) ; 1. hairy runcinate-pinnatifid, unopened 
heads nodding, involucre hairy and downy as long as the pappus 
its outer scales lanceolate acute downy, marginal fr. slightly 
ieaked shorter than the involucre, central ones with long beaks 
equalling it. — E. B. 406. — Root slender, fusiform. St. 6 — 12 in. 
high, hairy, round, branched. L. mostly radical, stem 1. few 
