FIL1CES. 
387 
larger than the others. Whole frond more rigid than in the other 
two varieties. Pinnules usually quite without auricles, not stalked 
but decurrent. Young plants often produce simply pinnate rather 
weak and flexible fronds, with stalked ovate or oblong simple 
pinnrc having their base strongly auricled on the upper edge and 
oblique on the lower, thus approaching the following species ; it 
is then the A. lobatum /3. lonchitidnides of Hooker. — These three 
plants are so intimately connected by intermediate forms that I 
cannot consider them to constitute more than one species. — 
Hedges, woods and shady banks, a. rather frequent, rare in 
Scotland. /3. common in England and Ireland, not found in 
Scotland beyond Berwickshire, y. common. P. VII. 
2. P. Lonchitis (Roth) ; fronds simply pinnate linear-lanceolate, 
pinnae lanceolate-falcate acute not lobed spinosely serrate over- 
lapping very rigid their base auricled on the upper edge and 
rounded on the lower. — E. B. 797- Newm. 43. — It is often diffi- 
cult to distinguish the lonchitiform state of the preceding from 
this plant, which is remarkably rigid. The pinnae never have any 
tendency to become pinnate or even lobed ; the basal auricle is 
very large ; and the shape of the frond narrow. The lower pinnae 
usually have an auricle on both edges at their base. — Alpine 
rocks. P. VII. 
6. Cystopteris JBem/i. 
1. (?. fragilis (Bernh.) fronds bipinnate, pinnae ovate-lanceo- 
late, pinnules ovate or ovate lanceolate toothed or pinnatifid. — 
Newm. 31 . — Remarkably variable, three forms may be distinguish- 
ed, but they are connected by intermediate specimens. — ct.dentata ; 
pinnules ovate obtuse pointless bluntly toothed or rarely pinna- 
tifid not decurrent. Cystea dentata Sm. E. B. 1588 ? " Pinnae 
of young fronds reflexed, drooping, convex ; sori more marginal " 
than in the following. — (i. fragilis ; pinnules ovate acute pinna- 
tifid cut and serrated, slightly decurrent. — E. B. 1587. — A much 
more divided plant. Sori more central. — y. angustata ; pinnules 
linear-lanceolate deeply and acutely pinnatifid or slightly toothed 
at the margin, ultimate subdivisions oblong or linear not dilated 
rounded or ovate sometimes notched at the end. Known by its 
very narrow and usually distant subdivisions. C. angustata Sm. 
— These plants are excellently illustrated in Mr. Newman's work, 
to whose figures I must refer, as it is scarcely possible to describe 
their differences. — Common, x. "Only found in Scotland." 
Newm. I find what I consider as the same in Teesdale. (i. Rocks 
and walls, y. Craven, and N. Wales. P. VII. 
[2. C. alpina (Desv.) ; frond bipinnate, pinnae ovate, pinnules 
ovate deeply pinnatifid with broadly and shortly linear segments 
partly cloven and slightly toothed at the end. — E. B. 163. — 
Fronds very much divided but compact and close. — On a wall at 
s 2 
