East RidiiKj of Yorkshire. 
103 
\vheat-stubl)lc well for oats ; then beans and fallow. The next time I 
take wheat, oats, beans, wheat, beans. I have sometimes taken, after 
fallow, wheat, beans, wheat, beans; but the bean-crop is so extremely 
hazardous I do not find this a profitable course. For several years 
lately beans upon the warp soil have died, while they were in full leaf, 
before the grain was fully ripe, without any external apparent cause. 
I have tile-drained the greatest part of my farm, and find it to answer 
well; the land will evidently bear greater extremes of both wet and dry 
without injury. 
" The cultivation of the higher land in South Holderness, wherever 
it is gravelly or light enough to grow turnips, the four or five course 
system is invariably adopted, but by far the greater part is quite too 
strong for turnips ; the usual course upon this land is to dead fallow for 
wheat, with a dressing of fold-yard manure or lime — say from three to 
five chaldrons to the acre — then seeds, wheat, oats, beans, where the 
land is good ; but on the ini'erior land the oat-crop is not taken. I 
believe this is the course generally followed and approved of ; but the 
soil often varies so suddenly that one small field will liave three or four 
different qualities of soil in it, and, although all tolerably good, it makes 
the land very difficult to crop to the best advantage. Tile-draining upon 
this land, when carefully done, and where the drains are laid from 
2i to 3 feet deep, is doing more towards increasing the produce than 
anything that has ever been introduced. Although within the last twenty 
years there has been no more grass-land in this jiart to break up, yet the 
produce has very much increased, principally by deeper ploughing and 
better draining. I have no hesitation in saying the land, where properly 
cultivated, is improving every year. I cannot help feeling surprised at 
the prejudice a great number of landed proprietors in some districts have 
to the breaking up even of inferior grass-land, from the fear of having 
their estates deteriorated. Let them secure and encourage a good tenant, 
and their estates will improve instead of getting worse, while the wealth 
])roduced to the country from an acre of well-cultivated land is at least 
four times greater than from the same land under inferior grass. 
" Mansfield Harrison." 
These alluvial soils are confined to South Holderness. Mr. 
Harrison's description of the cultivation of the other soils, viz. 
the gravels and reddish clays intermixed with rubble-stones, may 
be considered as applying also to North and Middle Holderness. 
Of the Wolds. — As we shall endeavour to make it appear that, 
within the last thirty-five years, much greater progress has been 
made in the agriculture of this district than of those two which 
have been described, we shall perhaps be justified in devoting 
more space to the details of its farming than we have thought 
necessary with respect to the other two. 
Various causes might be assigned for this, upon which it is 
not necessary to dwell at present, such as the amelioration of the 
climate by enclosing and planting, the discovery and use of light 
and portable manures, &c. There is one circumstance, however, 
