132 
Report oil the Farming of the 
of 2 or 3 tons each in the fiekl, and covered with soil, where they remain 
till spring, to lie consumed on the land by sheep. The tops are led home 
to be eaten by store-cattle. 
" When swede-sowing is finished tiiat of hybrids begins. About 10 
acres of early wliites are sown in the beginning of June, in the same 
manner as that above described, except that no guano is applied. One- 
third is pulled off for fold-yard use, the rest eaten on the land by wether 
and gimmer hogs: the former receiving \ lb. of oil-cake each per day, 
and all of them salt, and 1 sack a-day of cut hay to 200 sheep. 
" The rest of the white turnips are sown on the flat witli Hornsby's 
3-rowed drill 24 inches apart, with 12 bushels bones and 24 Hull ashes, 
or 2 cwt. of Peruvian guano sown broadcast, and the drill following to 
deposit the seed. Garrett's horse-hoe is constantly used ; one-fifth, if 
the crop lie good, is led off for cattle; the rest consumed on the land by 
sheep. Last summer, instead of guano or bones, I used superphosphate 
of lime : thus, 4 bushels of bones dissolved in 80 lbs. of sulph. acid, 
together with 24 bushels Hull ash, were used for swedes ; and 5 bushels 
bones to 100 lbs. acid (with Hull ash) for white turnips. 
" It answered very well for whites sown on the fiat, and for swedes. 
The early whites and hybrids came up very regularly, and were ready for 
the hoe a week sooner than usual, but, being sown on the ridge, were 
subiequenlly destroyed by the drought. I may mention a striking in- 
stance of the advantage in a dry season of drilling on the flat. Two 
fields, adjoining each other, with soils precisely similar, were drilled on 
the same day last year with white turnips. One was ridged, and ma- 
nured with 9 tons fold-yard manure, 4 bushels bones and acid, 24 bushels 
Hull ashes : the other drilled on the flat, with 4 bushels i)ones and acid 
and 24 bushels Hull ashes. The latter was an excellent full crop ; of 
the former one-half never came up at all, and the remainder was very 
bad. It has not been my practice to weigh turnips, except on one or 
two occasions, to ascertain the relative value of certain varieties, or of 
manures, &c. In 1840 one part of a field was sown with Skirving's 
swedes, the other part with Matson's swedes. The whole was treated 
alike, with 10 tons of yard muck, 24 bushels Hull ashes. In December 
an acre of each was topped, tailed, and weighed. Matson's weighed 25 
tons, and Skirving's 30 tons per acre. This was the best and most even 
crop I ever grew. 
" Barley. — Where swedes or hybrids have been grown, the land is 
ploughed across the ridges, harrowed and drilled witii chevalier barley, 
from the first to the third week in April, at the rate of 10 pecks per acre, 
at 9 inches apart. If anything should delay the sowing beyond that 
time, 12 pecks per acre are sown. 
" Oats. — Where white turnips have been grown and eaten off before 
Christmas, the land is half-ploughed or ridged, that it may lie warmer 
during winter. In March it is cross-ploughed, &c., with 12 pecks of 
seed per acre. The later eaten-off turnip-land receives but one plough- 
ing; all the land, if possible, clod-crushed, and again, when the corn is 
up, rolled, &c. 
" Last year I tried some experiments as to thin-sowing oats. A 
field was selected containing 17A- acres of rich loam on gravel in good 
