East Ridim/ of Yorkshh-e. 
135 
horses; 6 Devon working oxen ; from 120 to 130 short-horned cattle; 
100 pigs of different ages, and 1000 Leicester sheep. 
" The horses are fed on cut hay, with 2 bushels of oats per week each, 
from the beginning of October to the beginning of June. In summer 
they get g'reen meat witli oats, according to their work, and are put 
into the fold-)'ard at night, but are never turned out to grass. The 
cattle are chiefly bred, reared, and fattened on the farm. Such of the 
pigs as are not wanted for bacon are sold as store pigs. 
" Sheep. — My flock consists of 450 breeding ewes (well-bred Leices- 
ters), which receive the ram about the middle of October ; those of 
two shear and upwards are put upon rape 10 days previously, and are 
served in stocks. This is done not only with a view of obtaining more 
lambs, but it is found that according to this way a ram will serve 120 
ewes with as much ease as he would 80 if he were running loose. 
With the shearlings a different system is pursued, it being desirable 
that they shall produce only one lamb apiece ; they are put on good 
pasture all summer, and the rams turned loose with them on new seeds 
or fiesh pasture. All the ewes are kept on grass in the winter, except 
in the case of deep snow, when a little hay is given. In the beginning 
of February they are put on turnips, where they remain until lambing- 
time. A well-sheltered yard, with a permanent lambing-shed attached, 
is prepared for them ; into this yard all the ewes likely to lamb are 
brought every evening, and are served with hay. As soon as they lamb 
they are put on dry grass land, with cabbages, oil-cake, &c., and are 
moved on to 1-year seeds as the iambs get stronger. About the middle 
of July the lambs are weaned, and are put on grass land where no 
sheep have been depastured the same season. In September the lambs 
are put on rape, or early white turnips, when they receive, as I have 
said, J lb. of oil-cake each, cut hay, &c. The gimmers follow 
them ; get the same allowance of hay, but no oil-cake. All the sheep, 
except ewes when near lambing, have rock-salt given them in covered 
troughs in winter, and in large lumps laid in the fields in summer. 
The wether hogs are sold to the butcher when about 13 months old, 
averaging about 22 lbs. per quarter. 
" Fences. — When the farm first came into my hands the fences were 
very bad, and it has been a tedious as well as an expensive matter to get 
them into order. Those around the arable fields are all kept on the 
wedge plan, 5 feet high, and 4 feet broad at the base. They are cut 
every winter with a one-handed slasher. When a hedge has through 
neglect become open at bottom, it is cut to the ground, healthy stems 
being left near the gaps; these stems are carefully cut, but not through, 
and laid upon the ground, and pegged down : the soil on each side of 
the hedge is dug for 3 feet wide, and kept clean, and the layers send up 
strong upright shoots. The following spring the layers are covered 
with soil, and the hedge all grows up together. 
" Draining. — Upwards of 200 acres have been under -drained within 
the last few years, at various depths and distances, according to circum- 
stances, and in cases up to 1847 with tiles and flats; in that year some 
land was drained with pipes, 2 inches in diameter, having a flattened 
