192 
Observations on the various Insects 
forming a triangle on the crown upon a dark spot : trunk ovate, 
the scutel semi-ovate: abdomen somewhat oval; wings ample, 
iridescent, transparent, variegated with brown, forming spots of 
various sizes; poisers small, clavate, and ochreous : legs 6, 
ochreous with short black hairs; feet 5-ji)inted, terminated by 
2 small claws and 2 lobes or pulvilli between them. Female 
larger, abdomen broader, with a longish retractile ovipositor (fig. 
28, f. 29, magnified). In some varieties the trunk and abdomen 
are pitchy. 
Securely as the maggots of these flies mine beneath the surface 
of the leaves, there are two little parasites which fly and run about 
to detect them in their habitations, and by depositing their eggs 
in them they arrest the multiplication of the Tephrites to a con- 
siderable amount. 
They both belong to the Order Hymenoptkra, but one is 
of the Family Ichneumones adsciti : it is included in an 
extensive Genus called Alysia;* and from its having been pro- 
duced in the first instance from blistered celery leaves (Apium 
(jraveolens) , I named the species 
13. A. Apii. It is pitchy-black and shining; 1^ line long, the 
wings expand 4 lines: the horns are like slender pilose threads, 
longer than the whole body, and composed of a multitude of little 
joints; the 1st joint rust-coloured beneath, the little 2nd joint 
entirely ferruginous : head large and broad, with 2 small lateral 
eyes, and 3 simple ones forming a triangle on the crown ; mouth 
with an upper and under lip, the latter with two 4-jointed hairy 
feelers; there is also a pair of tridentate spreading jaws, and 
2 hairy lobed maxillae, iurnished with very long slender G-jointed 
and hairy feelers : the trunk is elongated and oval : the body is 
broader, oval, pitchy, 7 or 8-jointed, and rough at the base, where 
it is very much narrowed, the 2nd segment is sometimes rusty at 
the base ; it is depressed in the males, but slightly compressed in 
the females, with a short, scarcely visible ovipositor: 4 wings very 
iridescent and pubescent ; superior very ample, with 1 large mar- 
ginal, 3 submarginal, and 2 small discoidal cells ; stigma very 
long and slender, smoky as well as the nervures ; under wings 
very much smaller: 6 legs ochreous, hinder the longest; feet 
5-jointed, tips smoky, and terminated by minute claws. 
These little Ichneumon-flies were bred in June from the pupae 
(figs. 26 and 27), and were abundant about twenty years since, but 
1 never meet with them now. 
The other parasite is included in the Family ChalcididjG 
and the Genus Pach ylarthrus : it is named by Mr. Haliday, 
from its brilliant emerald colour, 
* Vide Curtis's 'Brit. Ent ,' fol. and pi. 141. 
