194 
Ohservations on the various Insects 
easily be accomplished by children with a woman to see they did 
their work well. In any small plot or garden, an evening or two 
after work would be sufficient to ensure their destruction. 
When the parsnips are left for seed, the yield is often terribly 
injured and diminished by the larvee of the little moths which 
infest the carrots, as we have already stated.* 
There is also a sjiecies which, from its name, seems to be 
especially attached to the parsnip, yet I am not sure it may not 
be identical with Dcpressaria Daucclla.\ It has been, however, 
described by Zellcr and figured by Duponchel \ as D. Pastina- 
cella, and M. Zeller has reared many hundreds of the caterpillars, 
which live in July upon the flowers and young seeds of the 
parsnip. They are greyish-blue, with the head, thorax, and pec- 
toral feet black : upon each of the segments are 6 distinct little 
black dots, producing single minute hairs; the sides and the belly 
are yellow, and the abdominal feet are dotted with black. They 
sometimes eat into the stems of other plants and there change to 
pupae : they have been thus observed in the stalks of the common 
cow-parsnip, Heracleum Sphondylium.% 
15. D. Pastinacella has the head, palpi, horns, thorax, and 
the ujiper wings grey, more or less mingled with red, having 
broken longitudinal black lines corresponding with the nervures, 
and terminating at the extremity of the wing in little black dots 
or short lines : on the disc is a minute white dot elongated in the 
direction of the nervure and circled with black; cilia reddish; 
inferior wings ashy-grey, very shining : the abdomen and legs of 
a similar tint : the wings expand about 11 lines. 
It is an inhabitant of Bohemia and Austria, as well as of France. 
There seem to be no better modes of ridding parsnip crops of these 
caterpillar pests than hand-picking, and shaking the umbels over a 
gauze net, for the larvae to fall into. 
The last enemy of the parsnip to be noticed is the Aphis Pas- 
tinaccp, which is so similar to the turnip-leaf plant-louse, || tliat 1 
doubt if they be not the same. 
16. A. Pastinacae is yellow or green ; the head, disc of thorax, 
and back of abdomen are black, as well as the horns, which are 
7-jointed, but not long : the abdominal tubes are long and taper- 
ing : the wings are transparent, the nervures pale-brown ; the 
* Vide p. 182. 
■I- Vide p. 184. 
% Goclait, ' Lep. de France,' vol. xi. p. 153, pi. 291, fig. 4, 5, Haeniilis 
Paslinacella. 
^ ' Annales de la'Soe. Ent. de Paris for 1844,' pi. G, b. 
' j| 'Journal of Roy. Agr. Soc.,' vol. iii, p. 53, pi. C, f. 1 and 2, Aphis 
Rapse. 
