19G Ohsenriti'ons on the van'oiis Insects 
The simllow-tdil hntlerjii/ lays its og^gs on the cari'ot. 
The caterpillar feeds upon the leaves, also on the fennel, 
and marsh milh-jiarslcij. 
'V\\c common Jlat-bod)/ motli lays its eggs on the carrot flowers, 
or in the axils ot the leaves. 
The caterpillar forms little cylinders of the leaves, which it also 
eats. 
Solitary -loasps collect these caterpillars to feed their young. 
The caterpillars change to pupce in the eartli or in the rolled 
leaf. 
There is a summer and an autumn hrood. 
Tlie j,nrple carrot and parsnijy-seed flat-body moth is generated 
on the wild parsnip. 
The caterpillars feed on the flowers and fruit in July and 
August, living in society. 
Tiiey become pupa: in the web in summer, but in the autumn 
they are transformed in the stalks. 
Tlie moths hyhernate, sheltering in thatch, outhouses, under 
loose bark, in chinks, under stones, &c. 
If a few parsnips be planted amongst the carrots, the cater- 
pillars will resort to the former and leave the latter untouched. 
The yrey carrot-blossom flat-body moth is not abundant in 
En y land. 
The caterpillars destroy entire crops of carrot and 2Mi'snip- seeds 
on the Continent. 
They live in a ueb formed in the umbels which they devour. 
Some change to chrysalides there, whilst others bore into the 
stems. 
By shakiny the flower and seed heads over a sieve the caterpillars 
may be collected and destroyed. 
Hellebore -jmcder , and perhaps lime and soot, dusted over the 
umbels, would drive them away. 
They so greatly prefer the parsnip to the carrot, that the seed 
of these may be preserved by plardiny some of those amonyst them. 
'\ \xe parsnip-heads must then be cut off o\e\' a sieve and burnt. 
Two Ichneimions lay their eggs in these cater])illarSj and their 
maggots destroy them. 
The- cai-rot yallfly is bred from galls in the umbels of flowers. 
The yalls are probalily the work of some Cynips or Cecidomyia, 
and the Callimome Dauci is most likely a parasite. 
The yalls contain little oranye mayyots in the autumn. 
A fly (Tephritis solstitialis) is supposed to be attached to the 
carrot. 
Parsnips yet ''rusty'' in the spring, but do not suffer like 
carrots from this malady. 
