Manatjement of Farm-Horses. 
255 
of the cart kind. We are told that an Earl of Huntingdon 
imported some Dutch mares (a breed then much thought of) into 
the district of the Clyde, which being crossed with the native 
breed (probably the ancient pack-horse), thus became the 
founders of the now highly appreciated Clydesdale. The pre- 
vailing colour is black, but there are also many browns and some 
greys. The great bulk of this breed is susceptible of much im- 
provement by careful selection in breeding, and avoiding the 
evils which I have pointed out as those to which the breed are 
prone. 
The Cleveland cannot certainly be considered as a breed of 
cart-horses, though they are occasionally employed for this pur- 
pose. There was a very fine specimen of this breed exhibited at 
Northampton as a stallion for getting cart-horses, and which 
animal was highly commended ; but although unquestionably he 
was calculated, if put to suitable mares, to beget some excellent 
progeny for carting purposes, yet it must be acknowledged that 
he was still more valuable in his more legitimate sphere as the 
sire of carriage-hoises. I understand that, as a matter partly of 
curiosity and partly to decide a difference of opinion, the measure- 
ment of this horse was taken at the girthing-place, and the result 
was that, though equal in height, he proved 1 foot less in circum- 
ference than many of the other horses, I am glad, however, 
to find that at the forthcoming meeting at York, numerous prizes 
will be awarded to various kinds of horses, so that the merits of 
the Cleveland Bay will be tested as well as others of the lighter 
breeds. 
These are the principal breeds of cart-horses found in this 
country ; but there are very many useful animals to be met with 
in various districts though belonging to no distinct breed, and 
there are unfortunately too many of a very different class whose 
only pretensions to the name of "cart-horse" consists in their 
great deficiency of breeding and their want of adaptation for any 
other purpose. These undersized badly formed horses usurp the 
place of better animals, and their perpetuation is therefore to be 
deprecated. 
There is a certain average size for horses best suited to agricul- 
tural purposes, that is, they should be strong enough to render 
more than two horses in a plough a needless expense, and yet not 
so heavy as to impair their speed and activity. From 15 to 16 
hands appears to be the proper height ; lower than the former, or 
higher than the latter, is equally objectionable. 
2. Breeding and rearing. 
Th ere is no branch of a farmer's business to which so 
little attention is generally paid as that of breeding. It is 
