at the York Meeting, 1848. 
395 
placed, and the trials lo which they are subjected, shouhl all be 
so clearly and unmistakaVjly distinct, that no man, unless know- 
ingly and with his eyes open, shall be induced to buy one kind of 
implement when he wants another. 
Harrows (Judcjcs' Report) — " There wore fifteen sets of heavy 
and lioht harrows selected for trial. We saw no material im- 
provement in any of them with the exception of a set belong-ing 
to Messrs. Howard, of Bedford. They were four beam-harrows 
with a joint in the centre of each, which allows them to work on 
uneven places almost as well as where it is flat and level. This, 
though simple, we considered a vtiluable improvement, and ac- 
cordingly awarded them the prize. 
" Messrs. Barrett and Ashton, of Hull, exhibited some well- 
made harrows adapted for heavy work, which we considered the 
second best.*' 
Drain tile or pipe machines (Judges' Report). — "All the ma- 
chines exhibited, except that shown by Mr. Bullock Webster (who 
declined competing), were submitted to a preliminary trial of ten 
minutes each, after which it was decided to test those selected for a 
final trial, viz., Clayton's, Scragg's, and Whitehead's, by allowing 
to each a number of turns of the winch, while the machine was 
jiroducing tiles, so calculated, that the power applied (the hand) 
should move through equal spaces ; an account being taken of 
the number of tiles produced. A similar calculation was made 
for the lever machine exhibited by Garrett, and, in default of a 
more correct gauge, the power required in each case was esti- 
mated by the hand of the judges. Tried in this manner, Garrett's 
machine produced the greatest number of tiles ; but in the 
opinion of the judges, with at least an equal increase of labour; 
and although the machine is simple and ingenious, and makes 
good work, they think the application of the lever-bar objection- 
able, on account of its producing a brief but severe strain, more 
likely to injure tlie machine, and requiring greater strength in the 
man who works it, than the more regular motion of the winch. 
" Whitehead's came next in productive power, but did not 
greatly exceed Clayton and Scragg in this particular ; taking 
into account, however, its great strength and probable durability, 
the large capacity of the clay-box, which not only permits a greater 
number of tiles to be made from each filling, but also diminishes 
the friction of the clay against the sides of the box ; the consequent 
ease with which it is worked, the uniform length and excellence 
of the pipes, the cleanness and straightness of the cut (most 
important points, in which some machines were deficient), the 
judges found that they could not do otherwise than award the prize 
to his machine. 
" The efforts of the machine-makers generallv to improve pipe 
'202 
