Management of Cattle. 
425 
lately risen very much in iinportance, antl may be fairly desi<;nateil 
as holding a high pLicc amongst the large breeds of cattle in this 
kingdom. The word Short- horn embraces, if 1 may so speak, 
more than one race of animals, all no doubt originally descended 
from the same stock, but displaying, even at the present day, a 
marked difference in their qualifications. There are the Durhams, 
or improved Short-horns, and those known familiarly as Lincoln- 
shire and Yorkshire Short-horns, besides which an animal, differing 
in some respects from both these, is produced in the district of 
Holderness, in Yorkshire. 
The merit of originating the class known as Durham, or im- 
proved Short-horns, is due to iMr. Charles Colling of Ketton, in 
the county of Durham, and during the last few years so much 
has this kind of stock become appreciated from their aptitude 1o 
fatten and early maturity, that nearly all the old breeds previously 
alluded to have been crossed with the Durhams. To such an 
extent has this practice been carried, that in almost every fair in 
the northern and eastern parts of the kingdom, where Short-horns 
are more usually exhibited for sale, it is a common thing to see 
droves of this breed, which have been crossed with the Durhams, 
inheriting from them many of their most valuable properties, and 
at the same time possessing more lean meat and being of a 
greater size, thereby giving to the grazier an animal of very great 
merit. 
After the able article on Short-horn cattle by Mr. John Wright, 
published in the Society's Journal, vol. vii., part i., p. 201, it 
would be superfluous for me to enter into a minute description of 
this breed ; but I should recommend all those who feel interested 
in the subject to peruse the paper referred to. The principal 
herds of Durhams of the present day are those of Mr. Bate of 
Kirklivington in Yorkshire, the Messrs. Booth, the Earl of 
Carlisle, Sir Charles Tempest of Broughton Hall, Mr. VVhitaker 
of Otley, the Messrs. Maynard near Boroughbridge, the Marquis 
of Exeter, the Earl Ducie, Mr. Torr of Riby in Lincolnshire, 
Mr. Dudding of Panton in that county, Mr. Parkinson of Ley- 
fields in Notts, Mr. J. Beasley of Chapel Brampton, and Sir 
Charles Knighdey, Bart., of Fawsley, both in the county of 
Northampton. 
I believe it cannot be denied, that the dairy is only a secondary 
object with some Durham breeders; and I fear it must also be 
admitted, that the best bred Durhams are not, generally speaking, 
good milkers. The cause of this deficiency I will not now stop 
to inquire, but I merely state the fact, which I believe is too 
notorious to be disputed. 
For working purposes the improved Short -horns are seldom if 
ever used, and to submit an animal with such aptitude to fatten 
VOL. IX. 2 F 
