Management of Cattle. 
439 
In summer the cows after milkino: are driven to their pasture, 
which is frequently chanfjcd, and they are not allowed to remain 
in the same field many days together. In winter they are 
generally dry, and oat-straw, with a little rough hay, frequently 
forms their only food. When the cows begin to fail as milkers 
they are sold to graziers in the neighbourhood, and upon some of 
the rich grazing-grounds of our midland counties they become 
very good beef. With the exception of a few herds in the hands 
of noblemen and gentlemen, the steers of the Long-horn breed are 
seldom reared, and consequently a drove of oxen of this sort is 
rarely seen. Short-horn bulls have been recently introduced into 
some of the herds so that the pure Long-horn cattle are daily 
becoming more scarce. 
\n Norfolk and Suffolk the polled cattle, known in those 
counties as homebreds, were very common some years ago. In 
Norfolk the genuine sort are now rarely seen ; the breed having 
been so much crossed by Short-horn and other bulls. Their 
milk is poor in quality, and they are, generally speaking, light- 
fleshed animals, not possessed of great aptitude to fatten, although 
the beef is said to be of remarkably fine quality. In some parts 
of Suffolk polled cows are still common on small dairy farms; 
they are very hardy, and esteemed for the quantity of their milk. 
The cattle of the Channel Islands, generally passing under the 
name of Alderney, are chiefly valued for the richness of their 
milk ; they are quiet and docile, and when kept for dairy pur- 
poses only, in mild and unexposed localities, useful animals. 
They are, however, light fleshed and bad feeders, and are there- 
fore little used in this country, except in the dairies of noblemen 
and gentlemen. In the first part of the fifth volume of the 
Society's Journal will be found a most full account of the Jersey 
cow by Colonel Le Couteur, of Belle Vue, in the island of 
Jersey, and it would be merely repetition on my part to do more 
than thus notice it. 
As the native cattle of the Principality are usually brought up 
in large numbers to be fattened upon our Enolish pastures, I 
presume that I shall not be departing from the objects which this 
Society has in view, if I proceed to make some observations upon 
them. 
The North Wales cattle are generally considered the best and 
most sought after by the English grazier. Those called the 
Anglesea are black with long horns, turning upwards and out- 
wards, short on the leg, wide carcasses and hips, and with good 
hair and handling, in short possessing in many points a strong 
resemblance to the West Highland Scot. They thrive well on 
the Kent and Essex marshes, and upon the rich grazing grounds 
of Leicestershire and Northamptonshire, and will weigh when 
