440 
Mamgemerd of Cattle. 
fat from 40 to 50 stone. They are not such good milkers as many 
of the Welsh breeds, and are seldom if ever put to work. 
The smoky-faced Montj^omeryshire cattle are, perhaps, the 
most important and valuable amongst the native breeds, and are 
reared principally in the vale of Severn. They are good milkers 
and kind feeders, and when crossed, as they are now becoming, 
with the Herefords, produce a race of animals which is held in the 
highest estimation, as it possesses in a great degree the aptitude to 
fatten of the Hereford, and also ret.ains from their original stock a 
depth of flesh, quantity of lean meat, and proof when slaughtered 
in which the pure white-faced breed is frequently deficient. 
The South Wales cattle may be divided into three classes : 
First, the Pembrokeshire ; Second, the Glamorganshire ; and 
Third, the mixed breeds of Carmarthenshire, Cardiganshie, and 
the western parts of Breconshire and Radnorshire. 
The first of these, the Pembrokes, are generally of ablack colour, 
varied occasionally with white spots, and white along the belly ; 
the horns are of a medium size, yellow, and gracefully turning 
upwards ; the head small and fine, and the eye bright and 
prominent. Their chief defects are too great a length of leg, 
flatness of rib, and want of width across the loin. The oxen will 
weigh when fat, at four years old, from .50 to 56 stones (141bs. 
to the stone). They are moderately good milkers, and the 
average weekly quantity of butter may be stated at 6 lbs. a cow 
through the grass season. The Pembrokes are excellent workers, 
being tractable, active, and hardy, and are therefore much used in 
the plough. The best specimens of this breed are to be found 
in the hundreds of Castle Martin and Roose. 
Second. The Glamorgans are of various colours, red, brown, 
and black, intermixed with white. They are coarser than the 
Pembrokes, have the rump set on too high, and are inferior in 
early maturity. They are good for the pail and excellent workers, 
and the oxen will weigh when fat from 56 to 64 stones. 
Third. The mixed breeds of Carmarthenshire, Cardiganshire, 
and the western parts of Brecon and Radnorshire, generally 
exhibit no uniformity of character, being the result of crosses with 
the above breeds and with those of North Wales. Some of them 
are tolerable milkers, yielding from 8 to 10 quarts at a meal ; 
but generally speaking they are small, light-fleshed animals, with 
short wiry hair and but little propensity to fatten, and seldom 
attain a higher weight than from 36 to 46 stones; they are never 
used for working purposes. 
In the cattle of the upper districts of Cardiganshire, and the 
hills of Radnorshire, a marked improvement has taken place of 
late years, since the introduction into the country by the Duke of 
Newcastle of the Kyloes or West Highland Scots. 
