Farming of the North Riding of Yorkshire. 51 1 
r.ilc of three chaldrons per acre was applied in the beafinning of 
May — masfnesian lime, which was worked in by Finlayson's 
drag;, and then sown with turnips along with bones at the rate of 
14 bushels per acre. The turnip crop succeeded, and was con- 
sumed on the land with sheep; after this oats were sown, and 
the produce was 9 quarters 6 bushels per acre. These nearly 
paid for the permanent improvements. A crop of maslin suc- 
ceeded without any manure, which ])roduced 32 bushels per acre, 
and sold for more than the fee-simple of the land before the im- 
provements took place. The first-named portion was then made 
turnips, and the sheep while consuming them had \ lb. of 
linseed-cake each given to them per diem, and the crop ot oats on 
this land was 10^ quarters per acre. 
The light sand, when the peat became decomposed, was of the 
lightest blowing character. Mr. R. luckily discovered in a high 
portion of the estate a stratum of red clay marl, soapy, rich, and 
unctuous, and this he applied very liberally at the rate of from 
400 to 500 loads per acre. The soil was removed, the clay 
taken out, and then replaced, and no perceptible alteration took 
place; the effect has been astonishing, and the land is now 
capable of growing good crops of wheat. 
2. The Clay District. 
We now come to the flat extensive vale of Cleveland, nearlv 
the whole of which is a cold tenacious clay, resting chiefly on the 
blue lias, and being covered by a somewhat flat stratum of 
diluvium, principally doubtless dissolved lias, and this tenacious, 
plastic, impervious body spreads over the whole district a degree 
of exhaustion, wetness, and sterility which gives it a peculiarly 
bleak and barren aspect, especially the lower portions, which are 
full of stagnant water. There are, it is true, many and honour- 
able exceptions. Mr. Mauleverer, Mr. Maynard, Mr. Bates, Mr. 
Wilson, Mr. Wharton, Mr. Vansittart, ]\Ir. Black have done 
much to convert this cold and unpropitious soil into a rich and 
productive loam. Mr. Mauleverer has transformed a compara- 
tively desolate waste into a perfect model. Mr. Maynard, by 
the draining-plough and four horses, threw out a large portion of 
the soil, and then followed till the requisite depth was attained ; 
and thus, as frequent drains are necessary, the cutting, which is a 
serious expense, was somewhat facilitated, and partly got over by 
a useful plough and strong horses. To overcome in some degree 
the tenacity of the soil Mr. Maynard used burnt clay very exten- 
sively, and has done much to set an example to the district. 
Mr. Black and Mr. Wilson are careful and judicious cultiva- 
tors, growing green crops very extensively, and do much to show 
