540 
Management of Hops. 
The two preceding diagrams contain each a scjuaro of 2?? inches, the 
dots being in each iof an inch apart, which, supposing them to be 
hop-hills at 6 feet distance, is on a scale of 24 feet to an inch: 
No. 1, which is the square, having 10 rows across of 10 hills each, 
making 100; No. 2, the triangular plan, having 12 rows across of 
10 hills each, making 120 ; showing that, where hops are planted at 
6 feet distances, the triangular will have 120 hills, where the square 
w ill have only 100 at the same distance every way from hill to 
hill ; and although No. 1 shows a distance between the outside 
dots and the outside of the square equal to half the distance be- 
tween the dots, and No. 2 shows the same on three sides only, 
as every alternate row shows the dot on the outside line of the 
square, there is at the other end of the same rows a distance from 
the outside equal to the distance between the hills, so that the 120 
dots in No. 2 occupy no more space than the 100 dots in No. 1, 
although the dots are at equal distances in each. It is only ne- 
cessary to fix the eye on any single dot or supposed hop-hill in 
No. 2 (except outside ones), it will observe 6 more round at equal 
distance from it, with 6 spaces of the same distance, opening every 
one of them directly on the hill in the centre, giving free admis- 
sion to sun and air ; and then turn the eye to a single dot in No. 1, 
and it will directly discern the advantage of the triangular over 
the square plant in that respect ; and the advantage of better and 
less expensive cultivation No. 2 has over No. 1 is shown by the 
three cross lines in No. 2 and two cross lines in No. 1, those in No. 2 
showing that there are three spaces, or alleys, betwixt the rows of 
hills, and in No. 1 only two of equal distance, and where there 
is room for a horse and nidget. The advantage of having three 
ways is, that the nidget, going once in an alley, will cultivate all 
the ground ; where there are only two ways it will require the 
nidget to go twice in an alley to do so, being a saving of one-fourth 
of the expense of nidgeting ; and why it will do it better will ap- 
pear when I show that, as 3 poles to a hill is the number most 
common and best, when 3 poles are set up to triangular plant, in 
a triangular direction as they should be, the nidget, in going three 
ways, and in every way close to the side where the 2 poles are, 
will cultivate the ground all round close to the hills, whereas in 
square plant, although the nidget goes twice in each alley, going 
on both sides, there will be ground left on each side of the odd 
pole (as it is called) at every hill, as here shown by the cross lines 
in the diagrams on the opposite page. 
For the line being drawn where the outer hoe of the nidget 
will go, if the nidget is made of a proper width, it will, after 
having been drawn the three different ways in the triangular 
})lant, have moved all the ground between the hills, whereas 
on the square, although the nidget goes twice in an alley, it is 
