Utilisation of Toim Seicof/e. 
85 
in conjunction witli oilcake. That from the sewaged and more 
succulent grass is slightly more aqueous, and contains slightly 
less of the organic constituents — casein, butter, and sugar of 
milk — and slightly more of mineral matter, during the early part 
of the season, when the cows had grass alone ; but these relations 
are reversed during the four weeks when oilcake was given in 
addition. The additicm of the oilcake, both in the case of the 
unsewaged and of the sewaged grass, but particularly in that of 
the latter, notably increased the proportion of the three organic 
constituents, and of the total solid matter of the milk, but 
somewhat diminished that of the mineral matter. Again, com- 
paring the figures in the second and the fifth columns, those in 
the latter giving the composition of the milk when, for a few 
days only during the progress of the experiment, the diet of the 
cows Avas changed from sewaged grass alone to sewaged Italian 
rye-grass and clover, with oilcake in addition, the influence of 
the oilcake is seen to be of the same kind as already alluded to 
• — increasing generally the proportion of the organic constituents, 
and of the total solid matter of the milk, and diminishing 
somewhat that of the mineral matter. 
" Conclusions. 
" Subject to the reservations which have been indicated, the 
results of the first season's experiments may be briefly enume- 
rated as follows : — 
" 1. By the application of large quantities of dilute town 
sewage to permanent meadow land during the spring and summer 
months, there was obtained an average increase of about 4 tons 
of green grass (which, owing to the lower proportion of dry 
substance in the sewaged grass, was equal to only about three- 
fourths of a ton of hay) for each 1000 tons of sewage applied, until 
the amount of the latter approached the rate of about 9000 tons 
per acre per annum. The largest produce obtained was about 
33 tons of green grass per acre. The period of the year over 
which an abundance of green food was available was, with the 
largest amount of sewage, between five and six months. 
" 2. Oxen tied up under cover, and fed on cut green grass 
alone, whether sewaged or unsewaged, gave a far lower rate of 
increase than the average attained by animals fed on ordinary 
good fattening food ; but when for a few weeks oilcake was given 
in addition to the grass, they yielded a good average rate of 
increase. 
" 3. Cows tied up under cover, and fed on cut green grass 
alone, after previously receiving oilcake, fell off considerably in 
their yield of milk, and about equally whether the grass were 
sewaged or unsewaged. The cows on unsewaged grass consumed 
