J 14 
Utilisation of Excrementitioiis Matter. 
and for wards from side to side, each compartment heing alter- 
nately t lie wet and dry store. Thus used, one load of earth will 
be sufficient for two or three persons for six, if not for twelve 
months. This is the simplest mode of application. For better 
houses and larger establishments, closets in one of the two forms 
given below may be employed. 
A. Earth Box. 
B. Hopper Box. 
C. Pan. 
D. Shaft or Bncket 
A. Hopper Box. 
B. Spiral Screw, 
C. Shaft or Bncket. 
In l^oth closets a box is placed above and behind the seat, 
which contains the dried earth, and delivers it through a hopjier. 
In closet No. 1, the pan C has a moveable bottom, which, by 
lifting a handle or by self-action, is made to turn upwards in a 
curve outside the back of the closet. When this l)ottonl falls 
back into its place, the hopper delivers the earth outside and 
beneath the pan, so as to prevent any escape of dust. 
The self-acting scat is an important feature in closets designed 
for the use of schools, hospitals, asvlums, (Jtc. 
In closet iSo. 2 a spiral screw, placed in a semicircular trough, 
is worked by a handle and pinion, which also acts on the hopper 
in the earth-box. As the handle moves, the " soil " sinks with 
the revolution of the screw, and the hopper at the same time 
delivers earth to cover it. In passing tlurough the spiral, paper 
is torn to pieces, and a thorough mixture effected. A four or six 
inch down pipe may Ije jilaced under the end of this screw.* 
* I have, for my own satisfaction, procured the above illustrations from Messrs. 
