122 
Utilisation of Exm-emmtitious Matter. 
Acuities, yet many, to my knowledge, would now vastly prefer the 
daily remoYal of the bucket or the soil to either the daily work- 
ing of a forcing-pump or to being called upon once a-year, or 
once in three years, to assist in emptying a vault or cesspool. If a 
mixer, w ith its horizontal pug-mill, be placed at the bottom of the 
shaft from below a fixed closet, or if it be used instead of the 
spade or rake for mixing, the offence to the remover is literally 
nothing. 
But how for a town of any size would you obtain a sufficient 
sujiply of earth or clay? In reply to this reasonable inquiry, 
it may be remarked, that even if a town happen to have no 
available supply of clay in its neighbourhood, the street sweep- 
ings may, with a little care and management, be made available 
for the purpose ; and coal-ashes (though not a good substitute for 
clay when used alone) may be combined with these and with 
some surface-soil. About a supply of surface-soil there can be 
no real difficulty, since, after having been enriched, it is to be 
returned to the garden or field from which it was taken. Would 
there be anything novel in such a process ? Is it not, in fact, 
more simple and less expensive than the common practice of 
supplying straw to stables for the sake of the manure there 
produced ? In that case the amount of carting required is 
large ; for 1 ton of straw makes three or four loads of manure, 
all of which has to be carted home ; whereas the ton of earth, 
after being removed five times no further than to an adjacent 
drying-ground, is converted into a ton of compost, more valuable 
tlian all the manure made by the ton of straw. 
If we look to special instances, it would be easy to point out 
many more towns which cannot find a good outfall for liquid 
sewage or an area suited to irrigation, than neighbourhoods deroid 
of clay earth. Weymouth is a case in point, where any system 
of water-drainage would, from the position of the town and 
the consequent expense, be almost impracticable, whilst ^dried 
mud from the Back-water, or clay from the neighbouring hills, 
would form the basis of a most valuable manure for the adjacent 
heaths. 
To complete these arrangements, instead of the soil-water 
used in the kitchen being thrown into a hole at the door, or into 
the ditch, a small hollow should be made and filled up with a 
barrow-load or two of earth, which, if it be removed and dried 
when saturated with such water, will afford a further supply oi 
valuable compost. 
In like manner the earth-system may be advantageously 
applied to urinals either in railway-stations and barracks, or in 
crowded thoroughfares. 
