132 
Effects of different Manures on the 
considerably that of the weedy herbage ; greatly increased the 
amount per acre, and the proportion in the produce, of the 
Leguminous herbage, especially the perennial red clover and the 
meadow vetchling ; and also enhanced the ripening tendency, 
rather than luxuriance of foliage. 
Ammonia-salts alone, considerably increased the amount per 
acre, and the proportion in the crop, of the grasses, but tended 
very remarkably to the development of leaf rather than of stem 
and seed ; and they also diminished the proportion of both the 
Leguminous and the weedy herbage, the former being almost 
excluded. 
Mixtures of both the mineral mariure and ammonia-salts, gave 
by far the greatest increase of crop. The produce so obtained 
was in a much larger proportion Graminaceous, or grassy, than 
that yielded under any other conditions ; clover and other Legu- 
minous plants were almost entirely excluded ; and the number of 
species and amount of weedy herbage were but small, though 
some few plants grew luxuriantly. Lastly, comparatively few 
species of grasses contributed to the great bulk of this very 
luxuriant and highly Graminaceous produce, and the develop- 
ment of stem and seed was very remarkable. 
Farm-yard manure alone, with the increase of total produce, 
also increased the amount and proportion of the Graminaceous 
herbage : and diminished the variety, and the proportion, of the 
Leguminous and the miscellaneous herbage. 
Farm-yard manure and ammonia-salts gave considerably more 
increase of crop than farm-yard manure alone ; and the produce 
contained a large proportion of Graminaceous and miscellaneous, 
but very little Leguminous herbage. 
This great variety in the herbage, both as to the description of 
the plants developed, and the character of their growth, according- 
to the manures employed, and to the consequent amount of crop 
obtained, is obviously a point of great practical interest and 
importance in its bearing upon the question of the proper 
manures to be employed to increase the produce of grass-land. 
The results briefly enumerated above are also of great interest 
in another point of view. 
Thus, exclusively mineral manures, when applied to Gramina- 
ceous plants grown separately (as wheat, barley, or oats, under 
ordinary circumstances), produce very similar effects to those 
ujjon the allied plants of the mixed herbage ; that is to say, 
thoy increase the crop comparatively little, but prominentFy 
develop the seeding tendency ; and again, when these manures 
are applied to Leguminous crops grown separately, as in the case 
of the allied plants of the mixed herbage, they considerably 
increase the luxuriance of their growth. 
