150 Effects of differoit Manures on the 
valently, were the Veronica cliania?drys (germander speedwell), 
Cerastium vulgatum (mouse-ear chickweed), Stellaria graminea 
(lesser starwort), Scabiosa arvensis (field scabious), Hypnum 
squarrosum (squarrose moss), Primula veris (cowslip), San- 
guisorba officinalis (great bumet), Geum urbanum (common 
avens), Galium verum (yellow bed-straw), Ajuga reptans (bugle), 
and Ophioglossum vulgatum (adder's tongue). Aud there were 
probably others of too unpretending and restricted growth to be 
observed on the ground, or to come within reach of the scythe. 
Upon the whole the unmanured produce — Graminaceous, 
Leguminous, and Miscellaneous — was more complex, and less 
characterised by the prevalence of individual species, than that 
of any of the manured plots. The most predominating plants 
were, of the grasses Festuca duriuscula and F. pratensis, Avena 
pubescens and A. flavescens ; and of the Miscellaneous or weedy 
plants, Plantago lanceoiata. 
It is only necessary to add that the meadow yielding the mixed 
herbage composed as above described, though giving hay of fair 
average quality, and useful after-feed for store stock, or sheep, by 
no means partakes of the character of a fattening pasture, 
Effects of Mineral Manures alone. 
The plots on which the Graminaceous herbage more nearly 
approached to that of the unmanured land, both in complexity 
and in general prevalence of the same species, were plot 3 a 
manured with superphosphate of lime alone, and plots 8 and 9 
with the mixed mineral manure. The chief distinctions apparent 
are, that by superphosphate of lime alone the inferior grass 
Holcus lanatus was brought into somewhat greater prominence, 
and that by it, as well as by the mixed mineral manure alone, 
the useful grass Poa trivialis was somewhat increased in rela- 
tive amount. By the mixed mineral manure, ArrhcnaHaerum 
avenaceum also appears to be somewhat encouraged. The free 
growing and bulky Dactvlis glomerata was in very small quantity 
on either of the plots manured with mineral manure alone ; nor 
are either of the other grasses which occur in predominating 
amount on one or other of the plots yielding the heavier crops, 
found at all prominently in the comparativelv small produce 
grown imder the influence of mineral manures alone. 
It was on the amount and character of the Leguminous herbage 
that the mineral manures alone produced the most striking effects. 
Superphosphate of lime alone, considerably, reduced the propor- 
tion of such herbage ; but when with it salts of potass, soda, and 
magnesia were used, Trifolium pratense perenne, and Lathyrus 
pratensis, were developed in an extraordinary degree. When the 
