Mixed Herlafje of Grass-Land. 
153 
Uulilve ammonia-salts alone, the nitrate of soda seemed to 
encourage the Plantao;o lanceolata ; and under its influence Cen- 
taurea nigra and Taraxacum Dens-leonis, though in small 
amount, were somewhat more prominent than usual. But next 
to Plantago lanceolata, Rumex acetosa ; Achilla:'a millelolium, 
Ranunculus (acris and bulbosus), and Carum Carui were the 
most abundant of the INIiscellaneous jilants, though none of them 
were very luxuriant. The total amount of Miscellaneous herbage 
was comparatively large, but resulted from the great frequency 
of some few species, rather than from either great variety, or great 
luxuriance of any particular plants. 
Effects of Farm- Yai-d Manure alone. 
Farmyard dung alone, the manure upon which dependence 
must to a great extent be placed for grass-land devoted to the 
production of hay, gave a produce containing 79 per cent, of 
total Graminaceous herbage, but a comparatively small propor- 
tion (51'9 per cent.) referable to the five predominating genera; 
and this was the case notwithstanding that one grass, Poa trivialis, 
%vhich was not at all prominent on any of the plots already con- 
sidered, contributed 27^ per cent, of the total herbage as sampled. 
The notes taken on the ground agree with the figures in showing 
this plant to have been very prominent'; and, as will presently be 
seen, it also occurred in very predominating amount on the plot 
znanured with farmyard-manure and ammonia-salts. So far 
farmyard-manure improves the character as well as increases the 
amount of the Graminaceous herbage ; but it also brings into 
greater prominence than any of the other manures Bromus mollis, 
which is reputed to be a very bad food-grass. It, at the same 
time, encourages the free-growing, productive, and, upon the 
whole, good but somewhat coarse grass Dactylis glomerata more 
than any of the manures yielding the smaller crops. The three 
grasses Poa trivialis, Bromus mollis, and Dactylis glomerata, 
which are thus seen to be increased in their development by 
farmyard-manure, are so at the cost chiefly of Festuca duriuscula 
and F. pratensis, but partly of Avena pubescens and Agrostis 
vulgaris, and in a less degree of some other grasses. 
The produce by farmyard-manure contained a much less 
amount and proportion of Leguminous herbage than that without 
manure ; both Trifolium and Lathyrus being much reduced, and 
Lotus excluded, at any rate from the mown sample. This result 
is probably due more to the increased luxuriance of the grasses 
and certain Miscellaneous plants, by which the Leguminous 
ones are displaced, than to any directly injurious effect of the 
farmyard-manure ; for the notes taken on the ground show that 
