160 
Effects of different Manures on the 
relatively, much less development of stem and much more of 
leaf, forming a strong and luxuriant bottom-grass, of a dark- 
green colour. 
The mixed mineral manure and nitrate of soda gave crops 
■which were very much riper, especiallv where the double amount 
of nitrate was used, than those by nitrate of soda alone ; the order 
of ripeness was with the smaller amount of nitrate (and minerals), 
No. 5, and with the larger amount, No. 1 ; the crops with nitrate 
alone standing 9th, and those with the mixed mineral manure 
alone 2nd. There was, however, a great tendency to the produc- 
tion of leaf, the stems being somewhat thinly distributed. 
Tlie mixed mineral manure in conjunction icith ammonia-salts, 
as with nitrates, greatly enhanced the production of stem and 
the ripening tendency. The crops grown by this combina- 
tion — which were the heaviest in the series — were very luxuriant, 
and still vigorously growing at the time of cutting, the grosser 
species of grass predominating. There was a very full develop- 
ment of both stem and leaf; the foliage, however, coming in 
larger proportion than usual from the stem. With the smaller 
amount of ammonia-salts the crops were 4th in order of ripe- 
ness ; but with the larger amount they were only 7th, being later, 
greener, and more vigorously growing, and showing a greater 
abundance and luxuriance of Dactylis glomerata. 
In connexion with the results brought out in this inquiry into 
the action of special manures on the mixed herbage of grass-land, 
it will be interesting, at the present time, when the subject of 
the utilisation of toicn seu:arjc is so much discussed, to call 
attention to the prominent characters of the herbage developed 
when it is applied to permanent meadow land. 
In some experiments conducted during the last two years by 
the Royal Sewage Commission, and still in progre-s, on the 
application of the town sewage to grass land at Kagby, it is 
found that effects have resulted verv similar to those recortled in 
this paper. The prevailing grasses on the unsewaged land were 
Dactylis, Holcus, Lolium, Fcstuca, Agrostis, Poa, and Avena ; 
a number of others occurring in smaller proportion. Of the 
sewaged produce, by far the largest proportion consists of 
Dactylis, Holcus, and Lolium ; whilst Festuca, Agrostis, Avena, 
Poa, and other grasses, are far less prominent than in the un- 
manured produce. Under the influence of sewage too, the 
Leguminous herbage is found to be almost excluded ; and the 
Miscellaneous weedy plants are very much reduced in variety, 
though some few are very much increased in luxuriance, among 
which Rumex, Ranunculus repens, and sometimes Taraxacum, 
are the most prominent. 
