162 
Effects of different Manures on the 
minous, and weedy herbage, and the tendency to the production 
of leafy or stemmy produce, and to earfy or retarded ripening 
are concerned, the characters of the produce of the seventh 
season of the experiments (1862) are, in the main, similar to 
those before recorded of the produce of the third season, 1858; 
but there is considerable change in the relative predominance 
of certain species on particular plots. Dactylis glomerata, 
Festuca duriuscula or F. pratensis, Avena pubescens or A. 
flavescens, Poa trivialis or P. pratensis, and Alopecurus pratensis, 
have, respectively, become much more prevalent on one or more 
of the plots, according to the description of manure emploved. 
2. The unmanured produce consisted of 74 per cent. Grami- 
naceous, 7 per cent. Leguminous, and 19 per cent, weedv her- 
bage. It showed great variety, and comparatively little predo- 
minance of individual species. Festuca duriuscula and F. pra- 
tensis, and Avena pubescens and A. flavescens, were the most 
prominent ; whilst the freer growing grasses were in smaller 
amount, and a number of others in less proportion still. The 
crop was even, but very short, and with little development of 
stem : and it Avas green, and comparatively late, at the time of 
cutting. 
3. Mixed mineral manures alone gave comparatively little in- 
crease of Graminaceous herbage, and reduced the proportion in the 
produce, both of it and the weedy herbage ; but they greatly in- 
creased both the amount per acre, and the proportion, of the Legu- 
minous plants, Trifolium, Lath}Tus, and Lotus. The description 
of the Graminaceous herbage was not very much altered fiom 
that of the unmanured land ; there was no striking predomi- 
nance of individual species, but, compared with the produce by 
more productive manures, a pretty even mixture of most of the 
grasses occuning without manure, and those which did show 
any prominence were chiefly of the smaller and less free-growing 
Ivinds. The tendency to form stem and seed, and to earfy ripe- 
ness, was much greater than without manure. 
4. Ammonia-salts alone considerably increased botli the 
amount and proportion of the Graminaceous herbage, almost 
excluded Leguminous plants, and generally reduced the number 
and amount of Miscellaneous or weedy species, but much in- 
creased the luxuriance of some, ])articularly Rumex acetosa, 
Carum Carui, and Achillas millelblium. The relation to one 
another of the Graminaceous species, as to amount, was much the 
same as without manure, excepting that Festuca duriuscula and 
Agrostis vulgaris were brought into much greater prominence. 
The increased growth was characteristically that of root or base- 
leaves, and there was Aery little tendency to form stem or to 
ripen. 
