Mixed Herbage of Grass-Land. 
1G3 
5. Nitrate of soda alone, like ammonia-salts alone, consider- 
ably increased the produce of Graminaceous herbage, and tended, 
chiefly to the production of root-foliage. The nitrate, however, 
strikingly brought into prominence the Alopecurus pratensis, at 
the expense, compared with the produce by ammonia-salts, chiefly 
of Agrostis vulgaris, and partly of Festuca duriuscula. Other- 
wise, the distribution of species was not very materially altered, 
the more luxuriantly-growing grasses not being much developed. 
The crop was much more leafy than stemmy, very dark green, 
and late ; contained very little Leguminous herbage, though rather 
more than the produce by ammonia-salts alone ; and the weedy 
plants were luxuriant rather than numerous — Plantago lanceo- 
lata, Centaurea nigra, Rumex acetosa, Achillaea millefolium, 
Ranunculus, and Taraxacum, all being more or less encouraged. 
6. The combinations of nitrogenous manure (ammonia-salts 
or nitrates) and mixed mineral manwes, gave by far the largest 
crops, the largest proportion of Graminaceous herbage, the 
largest proportion referable to a few species, scarcely a trace of 
Leguminous plants, and a small proportion both in number and 
amount of Miscellaneous or weedy ones. The produce was very 
luxuriant, with a great development of stem and stem leaves, and 
a much greater tendency to ripen than when the ammonia-salts 
or nitrates were used without the mineral manure. The pre- 
dominating grasses were the most bulky and free-growing ones ; 
Dactylis glomerata, and Poa trivialis, being very jirominent ; and 
Avena pubescens or A. flavescens, Agrostis vulgaris, Lolium 
perenne, and Holcus lanatus, somewhat so. Festuca duriuscula, 
F. pratensis, Arrhenatherum avenaceum, Alopecurus pratensis, 
Bromus mollis, snd others, were almost excluded. 
7. Farmyard-manure considerably increased the growth of the 
grasses, and of some few weeds, particularly Rumex, Ranunculus, 
Carum, and Achillaea, and reduced that of clover and allied 
plants, more especially when used in combination with ammonia- 
salts. It greatly encouraged the growth of the good grass Poa 
trivialis, and of the bad one Bromus mollis ; and when in con- 
junction with ammonia-salts the Dactylis glomerata. Under 
both conditions Festuca duriuscula and F. pratensis were nearly 
excluded, and Avena flavescens, A. pubescens, Agrostis vulgaris, 
Lolium perenne, and Arrhenatherum avenaceum, were very 
much reduced. The crops were upon the whole bulky, com- 
paratively simple as to description of herbage, fairly luxuriant 
both in stem and leaf, somewhat rough and coarse, and showing 
a tendency to unequal ripeness. 
8. Leguminous herbage was almost entirely excluded when- 
ever nitrogenous manures were used in any quantity, whether in 
the form of ammonia-salts or nitrates, alone or in combination 
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