Breeding Horses. 
263 
never to be opened. Windows openinj^ in bad directions, and 
open skylights, kill horses by wholesale. The arrangement I 
have described is suited for ten horses. 
Where 18 feet cannot be had, 17, or even 16, may be made to 
do, by taking 6 inches from the width of the door, and the rest 
from the space between the door and the head wall. 
It is important that the water — of which cart-horses are allowed 
to drink about as much as they like — should be exposed to the 
atmosphere at least six hours before- they are allowed to have it ; 
and they should never be allowed to drink till they have eaten 
something. The colic (commonly called gripes) is almost always 
occasioned by their taking large quantities of cold water into 
empty stomachs. 
Cart-horses, more particularly than any others, are subject to 
greasy heels and farcy legs, the treatment of which I leave to 
the veterinary surgeon ; but my experience has taught me that 
in almost all cases they may be avoided, by not allowing the 
farm-servants to wash them in the pond nor in the stable when 
they return from their work. Neither of these operations would 
produce the disease if they were rubbed dry immediately, but as 
it is impossible to get this done, I have stopped the washing- 
entirely ; if the dirt cannot be rubbed off, I allow it to remain on 
and dry upon their legs. The adoption of this system many 
years since has completely prevented the occurrence of those 
diseases. 
The temperature of the cart-horse stable should be as little above 
the external air as may be, to keep the inmates comfortably warm. 
You should never feel, nor smell, that you are in a stable. The 
working cart-horse, when turned out to grass in the summer, may 
have in the stable 8 or 10 lbs. of bruised oats mixed with a 
little hay and straw cut together into chaff. In the winter time 
he will consume, entirely in the stable, of bruised oats 10 lbs. ; 
of hay and straw cut together, 7 lbs. each ; of cut roots 28 lbs., 
given with the oats and chaff. This style of feeding will cost 
in summer about 11c?. per day for each horse, besides the grass, 
and Is. 2d. per day in winter. When roots cannot be had, 1 lb. 
of dry bran to each horse per day may be used instead. When 
horses work excessively, a small quantity of split beans may bo 
given in addition, but I do not advocate this; I do not like 
beans for cart-horses, and very seldom indeed give any. 
I have now done with the cart-horse, with which I am sure 
I have severely taxed the patience of my readers, and proceed to 
another kind of draught horse, the like of which I think I may 
safely say there is not in Europe, if there be in any part of the 
world, the London carriage-horse. I need hardly say how much 
