Milk. 
303 
I here introduce a series of milk analyses (p. 302) which I made 
Avith a view of ascertaininp: what may be the variations in the 
quality of the milk on one and the same farm throughout the year. 
1 took samples of the mixed milk of all our milking-cows, and 
analysed the morning's and evening's milk of the first or second 
day in each month separately. In August, owing to my absence 
from homo, the analyses were omitted. They, and a few other 
analyses of morning's and evening's milk from other farms, set 
at rest the question, whether the former or the latter is the richer 
of the two. 
The milk-cows were out in grass from May till the end of 
October; but as tlae herbage then became so scarce as not 
to afford sufficient nourishment, they were fed in the even- 
ing in the stall, with roots and hay, (Scc. It will be seen that 
both the morning's and evening s milk in September was ex- 
tremely poor. The cows were then out in grass, but the pasture 
was poor and overstocked, so that the daily growth of grass fur- 
nished hardly enough food to meet the daily waste to which the- 
animal frame is subject, and was thus not calculated to meet an 
extra demand of materials for the formation of curd and butter.. 
The poverty of this milk thus was evidently due to an insufficient 
supply of food. In the same month (September) I procured 
samples of milk from two other farms, on which the cows were- 
out in grass, having an abundant supply of grass of good average 
quality. The morning and evening milk from each farm on, 
analysis furnished the following results : — 
No. I. 
No. n. 
Morning's 
Evening's 
Morning's 
Evening's 
Milk. 
Milk. 
Milk. 
Milk. 
87-07 
87-20 
87-50 
87-70 
Butter 
3-44 
3-76 
3-10 
3-59 
3-37 
3-35 
3-4.') 
3-37 
5'38 
4-98 
5M8 
4^57 
Mineral matters (ash) 
•V4 
•71 
• 77 
•77 
100-00 
100*00 
100-00 
100-00 
*Containing nitrogen . . 
•53 
•54 
•52 
•54 
These analyses do not show any great difference, and prove that 
the quality of the September milk w^as good, and nearly the same 
on both farms ; but compared with the September milk of the cows 
on the Agricultural College Farm striking differences manifest 
themselves, indicative of the influence of food on the quality of 
the milk. Thus, on the farms on which the cows were provided 
VOL. XXIV. V 
