304 
Milk. 
with abundance of grass tlie amount of solid matter, on an ave- 
rage, was about 12J per cent. : and in this dry matter we have 
Si per cent, of butter, and about the same quantitv of curd ; 
whereas a scanty supply of grass produced milk containing not 
quite 10 per cent, of solid matter, and in this not quite 2 per cent, 
of butter. 
The influence of food on the quality of the milk is also clearly 
visll)le in the October milk of the cows at the Agricultural 
Collegre. On account of the deficiencv of the herbage the cows 
were in the evening driven into the stall and there supplied with 
hav, roots, and meal. The milk became better at once ; for the 
morning's milk then contained 12^ per cent, of solid matter, and 
in this nearly 4 per cent, of butter. The concentrated food with 
which the cows were fed at evening was clearly made into good 
rich milk during the night. At this time the cows were put on 
grass early in the morning, and allowed to pick up what they 
could : this was not much, as their anxiety towards evening 
to be led into their stalls plainlv showed. The influence of a 
stinted supply of grass is seen at once in the poverty of the even- 
ing's milk, in which the percentage of solid matter sank to 9^ in- 
stead of 12^7, and the butter from 4 to 3 per cent. In November, 
December, and the following winter months, the cows were kept 
altogether indoors, and fed upon roots, oilcake, straw, and hay- 
chaff. In consequence of the better food the milk became more 
abundant and richer. In Februarv the food of the cows in-milk, 
as Professor Coleman informs me, was as follows : — 
At C4 A.M. 12 lbs. of hay. 
„ 1) „ 15 lbs. of niau'.:olds cut fine and mixed with 3J lbs. of straw- 
chaff and 1 lb. of hay -chaff. 
„ Hi ,, 4 lbs. of rajje-cake. 
„ Zh P.M. 15 lbs. of manjolds cut fine and mixed with 3i lbs. of straw- 
chafi' and 1 lb. of bav-chaff. 
„ 5 „ 12 lbs. of hay. 
In November and December the cows had given to them^ome 
nut-meal in addition to their other food. The influence of the 
fatty matter in which this meal is rich is seen at once in the 
larger amount of butter in the milk. Tiiis nut-meal is the refuse 
which is left after pressing the ground kernels of the palm-nut. 
When of good cjuality, that is to say, not too hard pressed, it is 
very nutritious, and contains a large proportion of fat, as Mill be 
seen by the following analyses of two samples which were made 
by me some time ago : — 
