Milk. 
307 
1. That most milk was produced by 5^ lbs. of rape-cake, 36 
lbs. of mangolds, and 25 lbs. of oat-straw. 
2. That a reduction of jS,y lb. of rape-cake in the daily food per 
cow diminished a good deal the milk of the superior cows. The 
8 cows in the third period yielded 4*4 litres less milk per day, 
{)*55 litre per cow. According to these results 1 lb. of rape-cake 
produced on an average li lb. of milk. 
3. In the sixth series of experiments, it will be seen, the cows 
received G lbs. less brewers' grains per head than in the fifth 
series. This diminished the produce in milk to the extent of 
0'72 litre. It thus appears that 1 lb. of brewers' grains produced 
about \ lb. of milk. 
4. In the first and third series of experiments very nearly the 
same amount of milk was produced. In both sets of experiments 
the same quantity of mangold-wurzel and oat-straw was given, 
and the 18 lbs. of brewers' grains given in the first series were 
replaced in the third by 4^ lbs. of rape-cake. Accordingly 1 lb. 
of rape-cake was equivalent to 4 lbs. of grains in its power of 
producing milk. 
5. Rape-cake produced milk richer in butter than that ob- 
tained from cows fed upon brewers' grains. The butter in the 
latter case, however, was more delicate in flavour. 
6. The modifications in the daily rations of food had far less 
influence on the yield of milk from the inferior than from the 
superior cows. Whereas the latter produced decidedly more or 
less milk according to the food upon which they were kept, the 
yield of the inferior cows was pretty constant. 
7. It will be seen that from the 1st of March to the 5th of 
April the 4 superior cows gained in live-weight 100 lbs., and 
yielded 1558'9 litres of milk ; the 4 inferior cows gained in live- 
weight 304 lbs., and yielded 1032*7 litres of milk. Thus in the 
course of 36 days the superior cows produced 526"2 litres more 
milk, and 204 lbs. less live-weight than the inferior cows. 2h 
litres or about 5^ lbs. of milk consequently were replaced by 1 lb. 
of flesh. 
These experiments and practical conclusions are taken from 
an interesting account, including many other feeding experi- 
ments, published in an important work, entitled ' Lectures on 
Agricultural Chemistry, specially in relation to Animal Physio- 
logy, by Dr. Grouven, Cologne, 1862.' 
4. The race or breed and size of the animal. — As a general 
rule, small races, or small individuals of the larger races, give 
the richest milk from the same kind of food. Whether it is 
more profitable to keep small or large sized breeds is another 
question of which we shall presently speak. Where good quality 
is the main object, Alderneys perhaps will give most satisfaction, 
