Milk. 
309 
surpasses all others for the quantity of milk it yields. The milk, 
however, compared with that of the smaller breeds is more watery 
and less rich in butter, and better suited for direct consumption 
than for the making of butter or cheese. The statement made 
by some that pure-bred short-horns are not good milkers, is 
emphatically denied by others. The truth is, there are short- 
horns which are good milkers and others which are not, and it 
remains for the dairy farmer to pick out and propagate those 
families distinguished rather for milk-producing qualities than for 
fattening properties. As a rule, animals remarkable for the 
rapidity with which they put on flesh and fatten are not the best 
milkers, and vice veisa. Short-horns, on the whole, perhaps, are 
more useful for general dairy purposes than any other breed. 
In 1860 I made some experiments with a view of ascertaining 
whether pure-bred short-horns gave more or less, and better or 
worse milk, than cross-breds. In the month of September,, 
1860, 3 cows from the common dairy stock, and 3 pedigree 
short-horns belonging to Mr. Thomas Proctor, Wall's Court,, 
near Bristol, were kept on the same pasture, and the milk from 
each set of cows carefully measured and subsequently analysed. 
The pasture was good and the supply of food unlimited. 
The daily produce in milk w-as as follows : — 
Three common dairy cows gave : 31 pints in the morning, 
21 pints in the evening, making together 52 pints. 
Three pedigree cows gave : 28 pints in the morning, 21 pints 
in the evening, or together 49 pints. 
The common cows thus produced rather more milk, but the 
differences were trifling. 
Composition of Milk of conmon Cows (on Grass alone) on Sept. 18, 1860. 
On evaporation, the morning's milk gave : — 
Water 86-7 
Dry matter 13-o 
100-0 
The evening's milk : — 
Water 8G-6 
Dry matter 13-4 
100-0 
As there was no appreciable difference in the concentration of 
the morning's and evening's milk, both were mixed and analy sed, 
together, with the following results : — 
Water 86-65 
Butter 3-99 
*Casein 3-4:7 
Milk-sugar S'll 
Mineral matters (ash) -78 
100-00 
*Containing nitrogen "Sli 
