Milk. 
311 
Composition of the Mixed Morning and Evening's Milk on October 2 
(Coicsfed ttpon Grass and 2 lbs. Linseed-cahe each day). 
Butter 
*Ca!<cin 
Jlilk-sugar 
Mineral matters (asli) 
*Containing nitrogen 
Percentage of dry matter 
Common 
Pedigree 
Dairy Cows. 
Cows. 
86-90 
86-50 
3-96 
4-19 
3-37 
3-19 
4-98 
6-34 
•79 
•78 
100-00 
100-00 
•54 
•51 
13'10 
13-50 
It will be seen that the milk of the cows when kept on grass 
alone was rich in butter, and generally speaking of more than 
average concentration. The grass evidently was of good 
quality, and as the cows had plenty of it, we can well understand 
that the additional supply of linseed neither increased the yield 
of milk nor its richness. Indeed the yield of milk slightly 
diminished in October, when 2 lbs. of oilcake were given, not, I 
believe, in consequence of the oil-cake, but because with the 
advancing season, the produce in milk gradually decreases, 
whilst its richness perceptibly increases. 
In the experiments before us, this tendency towards a dimin- 
ished yield and richer condition may be recognised, though not 
so distinctly as it no doubt would have been had the trials been 
continued for a longer period. It is interesting to observe that 
while these cows fed on good rich pasture in September gave 
milk containing 13 to IS^- per cent, of solid matter, and about 4 
per cent, of pure butter, those kept on the College farm at the 
same time gave scarcely 10 per cent, of solid matter, and not 
quite 2 per cent of pure butter. By pure butter, I mean the 
pure fatty matters contained in milk ; from 8 to 8^ lbs. of which 
give on an average 10 lbs. of commercial butter. 
Large-sized cows produce more milk from the same kind of food 
than small-sized animals of the same breed. — In proof of this I 
may mention an interesting experiment made in 1855, by Mr. 
Ockel, of Frankenfelde, in Germany, with A Dutch milking- 
cows. Two of the cows weighed 2112 lbs. together, and the 
two others only 1537 lbs. at the beginning of the experiment. 
The two heavier and the two lighter cows were kept separately, 
but fed alike with as much green lucerne as they would eat. 
The food which was supplied to each was carefully weighed, 
and what was not consumed weighed back each day and de- 
ducted. The experiment was continued for a period of sixteen 
days, and gave the results embodied in the following table : — 
