366 Five Years Progress of Steam Cultivation. 
frame upon two furrow-wheels and two land-wheels, carries at 
each end a lever-frame with two plough-bodies, for turning over 
two furrows at once ; and the implement traverses backward and 
forward, without turning round at the ends of the field, the two 
sets of ploughs being alternately dropped into the ground or held 
aloft in the air by chains and a barrel upon the top of the frame. 
This is a modification of the "balance" or "equipoise" prin- 
ciple exhibited by Messrs. Fisken at Carlisle in 1(555. 
The implement of Mr. William Steevens, of Hammersmith, is 
also designed for any system of ' rope-traction. Two sets of 
ploughs pointing towards each other, are so hung within a 
main carriage-frame (with steerage- wheels) as to rise or fall 
with a parallel motion — the share-points and mould-board heels 
together ; the bell-cranks and rods which effect this also balancing 
the two sets, in order that they may be easily lifted or lowered. 
A scale of inches upon the main frame marks the depth to which 
the ploughs are set, and the depth of the furrows can be instanta- 
neously altered without stopping the implement. The plough- 
bodies can be removed from their respective frames and replaced 
by cultivating-tines ; and again, instead of these, a harrow, taking 
10 to 15 feet breadth at once, may be affixed below each of the 
rising and falling frames. There seems to be no reason why 
double-breasted or ridge-ploughs, or, indeed, almost any form of 
tillage tool, should not be added at will to the fundamental 
framing. Mr. Steevens has also produced an improved rope- 
porter, enabling the rope to be readily lifted off the roller while 
the plough is passing. The work accomplished by the imple- 
ment (worked by Messrs. Howard's form of tackle manufactured 
by Messrs. Garrett) was certainly of good quality, though a 
breakage occurred from lack of strength for excessively hard 
operations. 
Mr. J. A. Williams, of Baydon, Wilts, has directed much 
attention to combinations of implements for steam-power. One 
of his arrangements consists of a large field-roller, w ith one heavy 
drag-harrow before and another behind it, set in a rectangular 
frame, which is pulled backwards and forwards without turning. 
Two lighter harrows, hung, one at each end of the frame, are 
raised when preceding, but lowered into work when following, 
the heavy drags and roller. Another set of light harrows, or a 
chain-harrow, is attached at the side ; the whole covering a 
breadth of 13 feet, but adapting the position of the several imple- 
ments to all inequalities of surface. I'he steerage is effected by. 
simply diverting the rope to one side or the other, more or less 
out of the line of draught. For reducing a roughly broken-up 
surface, at a large acreage per day, this is a very eflicient and 
economical machine. Mr. Williams* cultivator carries its tines 
