The Natural Historij of Parasites. 
603 
impregnate the system with an agent which may be afterwards carried 
off through the medium of the respiratory organs, and thus assail the 
habitat of the worm. Turpentine, which, when given to an animal, is 
eliminated from the system partly by respiration, partly by the uiinary 
secretions, and partly by the intestinal canal, is such an agent as we 
require. If proof of this be wanted, let turpentine be given — say to 
a number of calves ; walk into the field where they are, a day or two 
after ; stand near the animals and catch their breath, and you will 
detect the smell of tm-pentine as plainly as possible. AssafcEtida is 
also an excellent anthelmintic, and an old remedy, but not so generally 
given for these affections as it ought to be. In the form of the tinc- 
ture it is a stimulating agent, and would also be eliminated through 
the system by the respiratory organs. 
From half an ounce to an ounce of turpentine would be the proper 
dose for a calf, according to its age. Or you may take 3 oimces of oil, 
add to it 2 ounces of tinctm-e of assafoetida, and 1 of turpentine, and 
administer this compoimd daily for three or four days in succession, 
when it should be discontinued for the same space of time, and then 
given again. You must not expect to get rid of the disease with one 
or two, or even three doses ; but the system of the animal would be 
impregnated by occasional and repeated administrations of the agents. 
There are other means besides these of strengthening the system, 
viz., by alternating, with the anthelmintic, ordinary tonic agents, such 
as sulphate of iron and ginger in combination, to give tone and vigour 
to the digestive organs. Sulphate of iron is an agent which keeps the 
blood in a state of purity, because it enters into chemical combination 
with one main constituent of the blood — the red cells. There is yet 
another course at our command which may be brought to bear directly 
upon the worms themselves — that of making the affected animals 
breathe a medicated air. This is a mode of treatment far too much 
neglected by the farmer. When consulted by persons who had derived 
little benefit from the -exhibition of the anthelmintic compound just 
referred to, he had recommended them in addition to get the animals 
to breathe a medicated au-. It mil readily be seen that if the 
atmosphere can be impregnated with anything that is either detri- 
mental to the lives of these entozoa, or calculated to render their 
habitat unpleasant to them, this will prove an effectual means of 
getting rid of them. One simple method of dealing with sheep in a 
mass, is to drive them into a close shed, or some other convenient 
place, and there to bum something which will disengage gaseous matter 
which the animals wiU be compelled to inhale. The most eflicient 
agent for this purpose is chlorine gas ; but then it is very destructive 
of life, and in the hands of an ignorant person might destroy 
the lives of the animals which it was intended to save. The 
modus operandi is to decompose common salt or oxide of manganese 
with siiphuric acid, by the application of a little heat. The per- 
son who does this must hold the apparatus in the shed until the 
air is svtfficiently impregnated to render it unpleasant to himself. 
He should then retire with the apparatus, close the door, and leave 
the animals to inhale the medicated air. If carried beyond this, great 
