34 
Agriculture of Nottinghamshire. 
substitute leguminous ones ; and the low prices with which he 
has now to contend will impel him to strain every nerve in pro- 
tracting as long as possible the period between those years of 
naked and profitless fallows. 
The live stock throughout the whole of the South Eastern 
Division has undergone a similar improvement to that described 
in the western. As, however, in the latter district sheep are the 
prevailing stock, so may, perhaps, beasts be said to be in the 
former, from the heavier character of the soil in general, and the 
larger proportion of permanent grass-land. 
The repeated supplies of the improved Durham breed, which 
have been crossed again by the best short-horn bulls, have raised 
the cattle to a standard of great excellence. 
We have already had occasion to notice the superior flocks of 
pure Leicester sheep, which had gained for themselves a name 
when Mr. Lowe wrote of this district, and which we have every 
reason for supposing is in point of merit progressing ; as a gene- 
ral remark, decidedly so. 
The necessity of a quick return, through an improved breed 
both of beasts and sheep, has forced itself on the attention of 
farmers in general ; and the correctness of our remarks may be 
best ascertained by referring to the general appearance of the 
fat stock brought into Newark and Nottingham markets, which 
will bear comparison with any in the kingdom. 
Artificial Manures. 
Bones may be considered after farm-yard manure to stand next 
in estimation for light soils, and on them the farmer chiefly relies. 
They are used principally for the turnip crop, in quantity from 
12 to 20 bushels an acre. They are mixed generally with a pro- 
portion of rape-cake or guano, and are found far more efficacious 
when their latent properties are thus stimulated. 
Rape-cake is also used for the turnip crop to a great extent, as 
well as for wheat, in quantity from 5 to 7 cwts. to the acre. It 
is, when applied for wheat, mostly sown by the hand on the 
pressed furrow, and harrowed in at the same time with the seed. 
Some prefer to apply it in the spring as a top-dressing, and hold 
the opinion that a less quantity laid on then is equal to a greater 
applied in the previous autumn. 
Shoddy has been much in demand for some years past, and 
has proved itself a most valuable manure. For the information 
of those who may not be acquainted with it, we may observe that 
it is the waste from woollen cloth mills, which is saturated 
with an oily matter, and is more lasting in its effects than most- 
artificial manures. In price it varies according to quality from 
40«. to 40s. a ton. It is used both for turnips and wheat. Not 
