Agriculture of Nottinghamshire. 
37 
chine, as on most of the large farms, a provision is made for 
cutting chaff, hy a strap attached to the thrashing-machine, when 
required, which effects a great saving in hibour. 
It has been noticed that the common swing plough is in gene- 
ral use, and it is doubtful whether a better could be substituted, 
at least on the light soils, where the ploughing is, as a whole, 
admirably performed. On the heavy soils, perhaps, ai certain 
seasons when the land becomes very dry and hard, some of the 
improved wheel ploughs might be brought with advantage into 
further use, from the greater power they possess. 
" Ducie's drag," or the " Uley cultivator," and various others 
made in the different localities, are generally employed, especially 
on the light soils. The harrows have mostly the frame of wood ; 
some few, however, are of iron. Whichever kind may be used, 
they are found more efficient on strong land when coupled 
together ; but on working out the quitch on the light soils are 
better separate. 
Horse-hoes are used of various kinds adapted to the soil. The 
Scotch is among the best for heavy land, the shares of which act 
on the same principle as those of the cultivator. The advantage 
they have over the common horse-hoe consists in going deeper, 
and bringing, by the forward inclination of the shares, the weeds 
effectually to the surface. They are, however, heavier than ne- 
cessary for light land, where slighter ones are more convenient. 
For sowing turnips on ridges the Northumberland drill is by 
far the most common, doing a single ridge at a time, with a sepa- 
rate box for artificial manures, which are deposited by a separate 
spout below the seed, so as to occasion no injury to it. The 
corn-drills are on the same principle as the large Suffolk drill, 
capable of drilling with great nicetv 10 or 15 statute acres a-day; 
and, by introducing a change of cups, will deposit seed of every 
size from the turnip to the bean. 
Crosskill's clod-crusher is an invaluable implement for strong 
land, but too expensive for farmers in general to purchase. A 
public one in each parish might answer every necessary purpose, 
and would cost but a trifle to each individual. It has been found of 
great service on clover-ley wheat in the spring when threatened with 
the grub. Where, however, the land is very light, it should be 
previously rolled with a common light roller, otherwise there is 
danger of the wheat being carried away by the indentations of the 
implement. 
Heavy metal and stone rollers of the common kind are also in 
use for wheat in the spring on the sands, but they are inferior to 
Crosskill s, being more uncertain and unequal in tlieir pressure. 
An excellent implement has lately been introduced from York- 
shire for raking barley. It consists of moveable teeth placed 
