156 
On One- Horse Carts. 
Fig. 16.* A sound grain of wheat with the larva attached. 
I* The larva in its transparent case. 
Fig. n.* A shrivelled grain of wheat with the larva attached. 
m* The valvule. 
n* The shrivelled grain. 
0* The larva attached in its transparent case. 
Fig. 18.* One of these larvce detached. 
p* The apex of the transparent skin or case. 
Fig. 19.* The dead larva removed from its case. 
q* The toothed tail. 
Obs. — Those numbers and letters with a * attached refer to the ob- 
jects which are represented larger than life. All the figures are drawn 
from nature, excepting Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, which are copied from 
Guerin's Memoir; 9, 10, 13, and 14 from the Linnaean Transactions, 
and fig. t from Meigen's Diptera. 
(The Copyright of this Paper is reserved to the Writer.) 
Hayes, near Uxbridge, April, 1845. 
XII. — On One-Horse Carts. By Edward Bowly, Siddington, 
near Cirencester. 
Prize Essay. 
Having had five years' practical experience in the use of wag- 
gons, and nearly the same time of one-horse carts, on a farm of 
170 acres of arable and 80 acres of pasture land, I have arrived 
at a satisfactory conclusion as to the comparative advantages of 
the latter. I will, as briefly as possible, point out what I consider 
to be those advantages. 
We must first consider the saving of capital in entering a farm 
by employing one-horse carts instead of waggons. From the 
great variety of soil it is difficult to form a just estimate of the 
amount of horse-power required to cultivate a given quantity of 
land. We may, however, to a certain extent do so by taking for 
our purpose land of medium quality, of which description my own 
farm consists. I have no light ploughing land, nor have I more 
than 20 or 30 acres of very heavy land. I will, therefore, relate 
my actual experience. In the employment of waggons and the 
old broad-wheeled dung-carts, I required one waggon, one cart, 
and three horses to every 50 acres of arable land. I also kept a 
light cart for general purposes. Now that I am employing carts, 
I find that I get through my work much more easily with two 
horses and two carts to 50 acres. The following is a fair calcu- 
lation of the first outlay under the two systems : — 
