246 
Addition to Paper on Hedges. 
my field No. 2 : the result was, the part limed produced a good crop for 
the season, beating 15 loads of dung; but the turnips on the part not 
limed, although coming up well, very soon died away, and in less than a 
month not a single plant was to be seen. 
In the field No. 2, the acid and bones were treated as No. 1 ; when 
taken to the field in a water -cask holdmg 2.50 gallons of water (twice 
filled), was used with half the quantity of the mixture, and sprinkled 
over the land before being ridged up ; the ashes were then drilled in with 
the seed. 
His Grace the Duke of Richmond's plan of running the mixture and 
water along the drills, after ridging, is a much better plan than the 
above ; and which, for the future, I shall adopt when using the mixture 
in a liquid state. 
In every trial of acid and bones the turnij;s came into rough leaf a 
week before those planted the same day with other manures. 
Pilstone, near Chepstow, 
May 21, 1S45. 
V. — -Addition to Paper on Hedges, in the last Number. By 
JoHiN Grant, Surveyor and Land Agent. 
No man can be called a good husbandman who can quietly pass his 
lifetime cultivating land of which one acre in ten, or oue in eight, is lost 
to himself and the community by hedges and waste. The following 
calculations of an estate in this neighbourhood prove that the loss by 
hedges stated in the table given in the last volume of the Journal was 
anything but exaggerated. Many other instances might be given, as 
imfortunately it is but the type ot a very large class in the West of Eng- 
land, and there is an equally great loss over the whole parish in which 
this is situated. This estate contains 25Ta. 3r. 21p., of which only 
220a. 2r. are cultivated as arable, pasture, and orchard ; the remaining 
37a. Ir. 15p. consisting of 9a. 8r. 18p. of roads, buildings, and planta- 
tions, 'and 28a. Or. ST p. of hedges and waste. The hedges in and 
bounding the estate aie 14 miles long, and cover 11 percent, of the 
whole; and there is rather more than 1 acre of hedge for every 8 acres 
of cultivated land. There are 97 numbers in the reference to the map, 
from which the size of the enclosures, after making allowance for houses 
and gardens, may be conceived. Among other evils attendant upon 
such small enclosures is the greater number of gates which are required. 
On this estate there are 120, to keep up and renew which, every farmer 
must know to be no small matter. The number of trees, chiefly ash 
and elm, is very great : they grow so closely together that not above one 
in ten can ever be expected to make a good tree. The hedge on the 
south side of the estate is for some distance more than 2 perches wide, 
whilst the parish roads in general do not average 1 perch. Of the 
28a. Or. 37p. occupied by hedges, at least 20 might be saved, besides 
3^ acres occupied by hedges which bound the estate, but do not belong 
