280 
Farming of Kent. 
the larger farmers is, — 1. Swedes, well manured and fed off with 
sheep (Downs principally) upon oil-cake ; 2. Barley or oats ; 
3. Clover; 4. Wheat; 5. Peas or beans; 6. Wheat. Dung is 
generally used as a dressing for wheat, beans, and peas. Some 
substitute in the third year beans for clover, and in the fifth year 
clover for peas and beans. 
On land of second-rate quality the five-field course is common: 
— 1. Turnips on fallow; 2. Barley; 3. Clover or trefoil; 4. 
Wheat ; 5. Oats. This is found to bring the clover tilth too 
often ; to remedy which the following is sometimes adopted : — 
1. Turnips; 2. Barley; 3. Half clover, half peas or tares; 
4. Half wheat, half oats ; 5. Half oats, half peas. This brings 
the clover round only once in 10 years, when the crop becomes 
much more certain. The average amount of produce — for wheat, 
about 4 qrs ; oats, 6 or 7 qrs. ; barley, 5 qrs. ; beans and peas, 
3^ or 4 qrs. Upon the inferior soils of the district the averages 
are considerably lower ; and in superior soils, with high farming, 
they are consequently greater. 
But little can be said respecting the implements of this district 
in addition to what has been already observed in reference to other 
parts of the county. The one-horse single drill is much employed 
on the arable lands of the fruit district, and is well adapted to the 
soil, which for wheat requires treading, and in wet seasons it is 
desirable to sow up to the plough every day. Garrett's subsoil- 
plough is much approved ; its work is considered superior to 
trenching by hand, inasmuch as the infei-ior soil is not brought up 
TO the surface — a practice not generally to be recommended, exce])t 
for orchards and plantations. A lighter kind of the Kentish 
Turn-wribt plough, drawn by two horses, is sometimes used in 
summer working — an instrument that might be very advan- 
tageously employed on the freer soils throughout the county. 
The cultivation of Mid-Kent may be described as being deep and 
clean : ploughing is thoroughly done from 7 to 9 inches in depth, 
and in high situations sometimes reaching the hard rock. The 
Kentish five-share drill is in general use, and is preferred to the 
Suffolk drill for its greater simplicity of construction; it is fre- 
quently used with three shares for drilling peas and beans, ge\ie- 
rally about 20 inclies apart. 
I'he planting of wood and the improvement of natural woods 
have been extensively gone into. Mr. Lewis, of Farleigh, has 
some prime plantations ; as has also Mr. Rider, of Boughton-place. 
The favorite sorts are chesnut, ash, larch, willow (the plum-tree 
variety). These plantations will sell for 50Z. or GO/, an acre 
every 10 or 12 years, when properly managed. The charac- 
teristic timber trees of the rag-stone are elm, which prefers a dry 
calcareous soil ; but on the narrow formation of the Gaiilt, lying 
