412 
Farming of Cornwall. 
kind of soil consisting of a good, and in many instances deep 
loam, lying on a deep subsoil, formed from the gradual decay of 
the more sandy slates. In some parts of this district, calcareous 
beds and trap are found. The farms average from 70 to 120 
acres, and there are a few exceeding 300 and 400 acres. The 
rental varies from 17s. to 30,s. per acre; a large portion let at 
23s. The system of cropping is to break three years' old pasture 
(occasionally two years') for wheat, followed by barley and seeds. 
On the better cultivated farms, from a tenth to a fifteenth of the 
wheat arishes * is put to turnips. This is considered the best wheat 
and barley district in the county ; two-fifths are in constant tillage, 
averaging from 20 to 32 bushels of wheat, from 24 to 36 bushels 
of barley, per acre. The live stock average from 16 to 20 head 
of cattle, old and young ; 25 to 30 breeding ewes ; and from 5 to 
10 pigs, on 100 acres. 
19. Extending our route on the north coast from Mawgan to 
Padstow, we observe that the soils are not so deep, and that they 
partake more of a clayey character, except in the vicinity of 
Padstow, where beds of lime and greenstone are found, and the 
soils are more loamy. The land lets from 15s. to 30s. per acre; 
the largest portion at 20s. The system of cropping is to break 
three years' old pasture for wheat, followed by barley or oats, and 
seeds, with about 4 or 5 per cent, of turnips tilled on the lay 
ground previous to the barley, in which case wheat is not sown. 
A few farmers only grow their turnips on the wheaten arishes. 
The crops average from 18 to 24 bushels of wheat; from 24 to 
27 bushels of barley ; and from 35 to 40 bushels of oats, per acre. 
Live stock averages from 15 to 18 head of cattle, 20 to 25 breed- 
ing ewes on 100 acres. 
20. Still pursuing the coast line, we arrive at a very important 
district, embracing a great many parishes, lying chiefly on red 
and variegated slates, interspersed with numerous bands of green- 
stone and " dun-stone " rocks, which are largely distributed in the 
vicinity of St. Endellion, extending onwards to Port Isaac. The 
dun-stone is of the blistery kind, the blisters being filled jvith 
carbonate of lime — an interesting fact in an agricultural point of 
view — showing that calcareous matter is disseminated through the 
accompanying slates. Where this kind of soil is found, it proves 
exceedingly valuable, averaging 38s. per acre ; whilst other land 
in this district lets at only 18s. per acre. The following table 
will show the value of the soils, average rental per acre, and the 
per centage of stock kept and fed on 100 acres, in seven different 
parishes : — 
* Stubbles are called " arishes " in Devonshire and Cornwall. 
