454 
Farming of Cormoall. 
were introduced as the fashion prevailed for better appointed 
horse-teams, and the working of horses instead of oxen. 
80. Rearincj of Horses. — A great deal of mismanagement 
occurs in this department also, for it frequently happens that the 
young animal is introduced tolerably perfect into the world, but 
is rendered useless by our system of rearing. This proceeds 
from a mistaken economy on the part of the farmers, many of 
whom consider any keep good enough for this description of 
* stock, and they are consequently often left to struggle through a 
winter as well as they can, unhoused, unsheltered, and with no 
food but what they can grub up from the frozen ground — except- 
ing when the herbage is buried in snow, and then a small quan- 
tity of hay or straw and a few turnips are afforded them. " The 
Cornwall Agricultural Association" has endeavoured to correct 
this short-sighted and miscalculating system of privation, by offer- 
ing premiums for yearling colts and fillies, while at the same 
time they have enforced on the breeders the necessity of affording 
shelter and a more liberal supply of food, especially during the 
first two winters. Daily experience fully proves the impolicy of 
neglecting young stock of any kind, but such neglect is especially 
impolitic and injurious in the case of those animals whose value 
depends on their size, strength, and powers of endurance — quali- 
fications mainly promoted by liberal feeding and careful treat- 
ment. 
81. Feeding of Horses. — Tliis is a very important subject, in- 
asmuch as the maintenance of horses forms a considerable item 
of the farmer's expenditure. The general mode is grazing, or 
soiling, in the summer, and hay, straw, and oats in the winter. 
The soiling of horses in the summer is getting into practice, it 
being found the most economical mode ; for one acre of grass or 
clover mowed, and given to the horses in the stable, will go 
f urther than double the quantity fed off, independently of its pro- 
ducing an excellent manure.* Tares with i-ye, sown early in the 
* Soiling to a considerable extent has been pursued by Mr. J. Roskrugc 
of Roskrugc, St. Anthony West. He says : " 1 kept from the third week 
in April to tlie same time in August (1842) (i horses, 1 colt, 1 bull, 4 work- 
ing oxen (4 others had their dinneis), and 13 pigs, on 4^ acres of Italian 
rye grass and red clover, and three quarters of an acre of vetches. In 1843 
1 kept from the 1st of May to the 1st of June 40 head of cattle and horses 
and 20 pigs, when, from the want of sufficient accommodation, I was 
obliged to turn part of my stock out ; but I continued keeping 7 horses, 
2 colls, 6 working oxen, 1 bull, and 20 pigs, until the 2nd of August, on 
4 acres of red clover. 
" In 1844 I kept from the last week in April to the third week in 
August, 9 horses, 2 colts, 28 head of cattle, pigs (the youngsters had in 
addition the wash from the house), on 8J acres of Italian rye-grass and 
red clover. 
" The cjLiantity of manure I can make by this method of feeding stock is 
