Hoic to establish a Tile -Yard. 
471 
mention these points to advise those who buikl kilns on the 
principle of plan No. 2, to put in a bottom, or to leave the first 
bricks burnt next the benches, for the season. 
The kiln, in drawing No. 3, is the most simple and inex- 
pensive — it is built, as shown, entirely of Norfolk lumps — the walls 
are 3 feet thick. This kiln has two sets of fire-holcs opposite 
each other for fires on both sides ; they are the same distance apart, 
as in plan No. 1. No bars are used, the fires being made on the 
ground. Benches are made of green bricks, and there is no ne- 
cessity to remove them ; when burnt they may remain, and nothing 
but tiles need afterwards be burnt. 1 introduce it under an idea 
that it is suitable for small properties and tenant farmers, as it is 
cheap, but certainly not so economical for burning tiles as the 
plan No. 1. 
INIany kilns in the eastern counties are constructed with only one 
fire-hole under them, 4 feet in diameter, either circular or oval ; 
but my opinion is, that the greater the number of fire-holes the 
less is the amount of waste, and the less the consumption of fuel. 
I give a proof of this in a double kiln built of Norfolk clay 
lumps, one having four fire-holes, the other three, of exactly the 
same size, to hold 36,000 ; the kiln with three holes always con- 
sumed from J to J of a ton more fuel than the other. Before 
concluding the subject of kilns, I must remark that in some 
places wood is used instead of coals; it is not so cheap, but 
makes better goods : where wood is used the only alterations in 
the kilns are, that no bars are required, and the fire-holes, instead 
of being 12 inches, are 2 feet wide, but of the same height (2 feet 
6 inches) as in the other plans. 
5. On the Cost of forming an Establishment. 
I shall give the cost of the three shown in the plan, exclusite of 
timber. 
Plan No. 1. 
Double kiln, 12 feet 6 inches by 11 feet, 
walls 18 inches thick, head \vall 3 feet 
thick, centre wall 2 feet thick. 
45,000 bricks at 21*. per 1000 . 
6000 bricks for dead bottom 
Furnace-bars ..... 
£. s. d. 
47 5 0 
6 G 0 
20 0 0 
Carried forward , . 73 11 0 
