492 
On Deep Draining. 
are descending into the subsoil, where the water, liidden from the 
farmer's eye, remains stagnant. But let the furrow be converted 
into a drain, and the effect will be represented by the subjoined 
diagram, made from actual observation, the level of the water in 
the soil having been taken previously to digging the drains in 
November, 1843, and the effect of the drainage noted 48 hours 
after the drains were cut. The soil in this case (gault clay) 
might be divided as above: — 1, the tilth; 2, yellow clay, ren- 
dered porous by the action of the air; 3, blue clay, rendered 
partially porous and pervious to water by roots, &c. 
A A, two drains 36 feet apart; A B, surface of the soil, the ridge 13 inches aljove the furrows 
C C ; the level at which the water stood before the draius were cut, ODD, and the inclined 
water level F D F, 48 hours after cutting the drains ; E E E E E, five lioles in which pegs were 
placed with their tops all level, and by which the sinking of tlie w ater was measured. 
No. 2. 
Section of another land, showing the action of one drain before the second was cut. 
Vertical scale one-twentieth of an inch to an inch ; horizontal scale one inch to six feet. 
This land was planted with beans in March. In the part that 
was drained the beans grew to the greatest height, and were 
otherwise better nearest to the furrow, and shortest at the ridye, 
so that, notwithstanding 13 inches' rise at the ridge, the crop pre- 
sented a level surface ; in the part undrained the furrow was 
nearly bare, and the form of the ridges very apparent. 
The levels were all carefully taken with a telescope level — a 
bricklayer's level, 6 feet long, would I conceive answer the pur- 
pose of ascertaining the relative level of water in lioles G feet 
apart. The simplest method is to dig the required number of 
