Recent Eaypenences in laying doxon Land to Grass. 127 
Mr. Albert Pell — continued. 
3. On Nortliamptonsliire farm 29 inches, average twenty years. On 
Cambridgesbire farm 22 inches, average twenty years. Northamptonshire 
farm 584 feet above sea ; rather moist, warm nights. Cambridgeshire 
farm 20 to 40 feet above sea. Climate continental ; hot bright summer, cold 
winter. 
4. My own mixture, seeds bought and delivered in separate parcels, 
frequently tested in pots. I never buy of an advertiser. 
lbs. per acre 
lbs. per acre 
1884 
X 
1886 
1879 
1884 
1 
X 
1886 
1879 
Cowgrass . . . 
2 
1 
2 
2| 
i Crested dogstail . 
1 
2 
1 
White clover . . 
6 
4 
5 
4 
t Sweet vernal . . 
1 
1 
1 
2 
2 
2 
1 
1 Poa nemoralis . . 
1 
1 
1 
Trefoil .... 
1 
4 
3 
^ 
Kib grass .... 
2 
2 
2 
2 
Timothy .... 
4 
2 
3 
2 
j Pacey's perennial 
10 
16 
14 
16 
Cocksfoot . . , 
4 
4 
4 
4 
1 ryegrass 
Sheep's fescue . . 
2 
1 
1 
I Italian ryegrass . 
4 
4 
4 
Poa pratensis . . 
2 
1 
1 
1 
j Meadow fescue 
2 
2 
2 
Poa trivial! s . . 
2 
1 
1 
1 
Ked clover . . . 
I 
1 
1 
1 
5. I shall not abandon a " pinch " of Italian lyegi-ass. 
G. With a spring-sown crop. 
7. Spring sowing has been my invariable practice. 
8. Graze after corn harvest (i.e. the year of sowing) lightly with young 
stock among the stubble. Next year, mow once, graze aftermath with 
sheep, no manure. Second year, graze with young cattle and some ewes 
and lambs, lightly these. Third year, graze with cattle in spring, and heavy 
with sheep during summer. Fourth year, frequently mow, and graze after- 
math immediately with sheep heavily. 
9. The Pacey seems permanent. Italian, of course, dies out, but some- 
times specimens last four years, i3erhaps seedlings. 
10. I never have stocked heavily in the early years with sheep, but I do 
not think this would do much harm to white clover, provided it is not trampled 
during frost. 
11. Depends entirely on the way the .seeds hit, and on the subsequent 
rainfall. The plant ought to be good and have the main characteristics of 
permanent pasture on my land in less than ten years. 
l.j. Undoubtedly, unless a manufacturing population is introduced, fre- 
quently the case in the Midlands, or unless fruit is grown, as in Cambridgeshire. 
14. In many cases it might, on loams not over rich (3-horse land). 
I do this myself now, and shall increase the area so treated unless prices of 
grain, especially oats, rise materially. When seeds are over their second 
year, I endeavour by careful grazing not to let them "run away," get 
hearty. 
15. I consider it of much importance to buy the seeds in separate 
parcels and to test them, also to keep to the same seedsman if the tests turn out 
well. On my land it is of importance to have the surface fine, and to brush 
harrow seeds well in if you do not di-ill. In drilling seeds, I drill clovers one 
way and then cross them with the grass seeds. Lime helps seeds. I con- 
sider it desirable to sow early, not now fearing the frosts of spring so much 
as the droughts of summer. In order to secure early sowing- of seed, I 
broadcast my corn directly the dirt does not cling to the shoe, and follow at 
