232 Uepwi on the Farm Prize Competition in 
— 8484*9 lbs. The heaviest weight given by a pedigree Shorthorn waa ' 
7759-6, calved July 24. The average of 6 pedigree Shorthorns for the year 
was 6349-4. The average of 10 grade Shorthorns, 6334-2 lbs. 
Mr. Charles Marshall had also kept a full account of the 
produce of his cows. From May 1885 to May 1886 he recorded 
the doings of 12 cows to be an average of 764 gallons each, or a 
total of 9,171 gallons. One of them, "Primrose," had given 
1,107 gallons in 13 months, from calving November 1, 1885, to 
November 30, 1886, and her milk had realised 411. 5s. in that 
time. The summary of his milk sales from 22 cows for six 
months, from April 1 to October 1, 1886, was 8,261 gallons 3 
quarts, for which he had received 3061. 12s. 6d. They were all 
well-bred, useful dairy cows. These weights may be more readily 
compared with those in the statement given by Mr. Trotter, if a 
gallon of milk be taken as 10 lbs. weight. 
The milk was sent into Newcastle by train in a number of cans 
of various sizes to three customers at 9cl. per gallon in summer, 
and by them fetched from the station and delivered to consumers. 
The freight was ^d. per gallon. The corn-feed consisted of barley 
boiled, or barley ground, of own growing and grinding, and of 
purchased bean-meal, maize-meal, bran and cake, and about 
6 lbs. per day given to each cow (two-thirds being barley). Hay 
was given three times daily, and pulped turnips with chaff twice. 
The byres, pulping-house, and stack-yard were all arranged very 
conveniently for feeding. The milk was dealt with very 
economically in the matter of labour, and the milk-house was in 
perfect keeping. 
Mr. James Thomson had 35 milking cow.s on our first inspec- 
tion in December, giving 12 quarts per day each on an average, 
and on our second visit (May 20) he had 38, and was sending 
120 gallons of milk away daily. They were young and useful 
cows — cross-bred Shorthorns — and had large square well-shaped 
udders. The milking hours were 3.30 in the morning and 1.30 
in the afternoon, in order to catch trains running into Newcastle 
to serve customers. The cows were kept tied up in the shippon, 
and only allowed to go out for about two hours after the after- 
noon's milking. Their feed was barley, pea, or maize-meal, malt 
combings, cotton-cake, and bran given in scalded chaff; and 
turnips once a day— hay four times. Mr. Thomson had to cart 
his milk nearly three miles to a station, and to pay ^d. per gallon 
freight afterwards ; but he understood the work both of milk- 
production and of its disposal, as he had been in the trade, and 
was building up a large and increasing business. 
Mr. Lambert had a noted cow in his small herd whose doings 
deserve to be reported. She was a big white cow called " Beauty," 
was bred in Westmorland, and was 13 years old. She had not 
