Northumberland and Durham in 1887 : Classes 4 and 5. 237 
being made annually in feeding stuffs, lime, superphosphate, 
and town manure. The farm buildings had been enlarged and 
imjaroved during the last thirteen years at a cost to the tenants 
of 2,352L 
Extensive collieries under the farm are worked by the Com- 
pany, which employs upwards of 2,000 men and boys, and uses 
about 250 horses and ponies ; the latter are supplied with hay 
and green food from the farm. A total of 3,000 tons of coal 
per day is got here from four pits, which are worked on an 
average ten days to the fortnight. The Judges had an oppor- 
tunity of inspecting one of these pits, and were much interested 
in all they saw, and especially in the humane treatment of the 
ponies used. 
The cottages in which the colliers reside are all owned by 
the Company, and number nearly 1,000, standing in long rows 
of upwards of 100 in each row, having a garden attached, 
which was cultivated to grow vegetables or flowers, as the tastes 
of the tenants dictated, and having butcher, grocer, baker, and 
general stores adjacent. The farm buildings were in good order 
and well arranged for the attendance and feeding of cattle in an 
economical manner, and the management of all the stock at 
pasture was wisely directed by distribution into uniform lots all 
over the pastures, and into the fields which were most suited 
to improve their growth. 
A strike among the colliers existed during our second visit, 
and the horses and ponies had all been brought out of the pits 
and were enjoying unwonted liberty in three of the largest fields, 
though on bare pasture. It was an unusual sight to see so 
many together, and all stallions. The average cost of keep of 
each pony when in the pit was 7s. 6d. per week, though just 
then, in consequence of the low price of corn and hay, they 
could, we were informed, be kept at ll*'. each per fortnight. It 
will be noticed that the number of farm stock of all kinds was 
but small in proportion to the extent of the holding. This fact 
impressed the Judges adversely. After allowing for the presence 
of so many horses which were confined to a limited area, and 
were there only for a short time, it was felt that the farm ought 
to carry at least 30 per cent, more live stock. 
The Cramlington Coal Companu reported, through their farm 
manager, Mr. Henry Storey, that they had 871 acres in occupation, 
189 acres of which were in pasture, 243 acres in clover, seeds, and 
meadow mown for hay, 106 acres of wheat, 193 acres of oats, 
105 acres of turnips, and 35 acres of potatoes, tares, and bare 
fallow. In their cultivation they use 26 farm horses, and feed 
about 50 head of cattle, 166 breeding ewes and 313 lambs, and 
about 50 hoggets. The land is held on lease with the collieries 
