Annual Report fur 1887 of the Consulting Entomologist. 293 
them in any way preferred, and burning them. As the saw-fly 
does not come out until early summer, attack is thus easily 
checked. 
A rather serious attack affecting various kinds of corn, but 
with us more especially affecting autumn-sown wheat, has been 
reported for some years, and with the help of Mr. Meade, of 
Bradford, I have traced this from specimens reared by myself to 
the frit fly — the Oscinis frit — a small two-winged fly, of which 
the maggot feeds within the young shoot, and sometimes much 
harm is done thereby in spring, unless there are sufficient un- 
attached shoots to cany on growth. As this attack cannot be 
caused by anything else than the autumn brood of frit flies 
laying their eggs on the plants, I should advise that, in infested 
districts, the sowing should be as late as possible, so that the 
flies might be dead before the wheat sprung. 
Other corn attacks, as of moth caterpillars, to the ears, or 
stacked with the straw ; likewise of granary beetles, and 
especially of gi'anary weevils, have been reported ; but it is 
worth notice that the Cecidomyia tritici, the British wheat 
midge, producing the well-known " red maggot," and corn 
aphides, have been very little reported. 
I have given particular attention to the Angidllulce , or eel- 
worms, which last year I reported as haxmg been found to cause 
tulip-root in oats, and which it appeared likely would be found 
to cause the special form of disease in clover known as " clover 
sickness." For several months I procured specimens of diseased 
plants, and examined them myself to the best of my ability, and 
also forwarded samples to the Netherlands to the skilled exami- 
nation of Dr. J. G. de Man, of Middleburg, and Dr. J. Eitzema 
Bos, Professsor of Zoology at the Royal Agricultural College, 
Wageningen. 
The result has been that we found that in plants affected by 
the true " clover sickness " there was presence in all its stages 
of the same kind of eel-worm — namely, the Tylenchus devastatrix, 
Kuhn, which causes the "tulip-root" disease in oats; the disease 
known as " stem sickness " in rye, and also attacks other plants 
too numerous to mention. This eel-worm was present in the 
truly clover-sick plants, in all conditions and stages — male, 
female, larvae, and eggs. 
The proof of the kind of Tylenchus being the same in all the 
attacked plants has been given by Dr. Ritzema Bos, showing 
that they would take the infestation from each other. Onions 
(which are liable to this disease) when sown by him on earth 
mixed respectively with "clover-sick" plants, "tulip-rooted" 
oats, &c., were found to become infested by the Tylenchi ; and, 
reversing the order of the experiment, oats sown by him on 
