356 
The Principles of Forestry. 
in tlie management of underwoods the gradual conversion to 
high timber is usually entirely neglected. The forester, in fact, 
lives in the present, and not, as he should do, in the future. 
Foresight is required in forestry moi'e than in any other branch 
of rural economy. 
The differences of management required in large and small 
areas are not appreciated, and shelter belts are, as a rule, de- 
plorably sad to look upon, simply because they have been 
treated upon the same jjrinciples as large areas. In our country 
the planting of shelter belts is more general than the planting 
of large areas, and therefore more attention should be given to 
the rules necessary to make them serve the double purpose of 
shelter and the development of commercial timber. 
Planting for shelter, if wisely performed, adds greatly to the 
value of agricultural land, and in many cases the indirect benefit 
which results is sufficient to pay all the expenses attaching to 
the planting. This has been made clear in the evidence given 
before the Select Committee, and is a most important point in 
favour of an extension of our forest area. It is not too much to 
say that on exposed coast-lines, or bleak hill-sides, and valleys 
open to prevailing winds, wise and judicious planting will 
add 25 per cent, to the rental value of the surrounding laud. 
In the home nursery there is often most marked ignorance 
both in the preparation of the soil and in the manipulation of the 
young plants. To overcome this, many landowners buy their 
trees, or plant by contract, in doing which they largely increase 
the expenditure and add to the risks which naturally attach. 
The late Mr. Frampton, of Moreton House, Dorchester — who 
planted during the sixty years he was in possession no less than 
3,338,878 trees, and who might serve as an example to many 
landowners now living — said in his quaint, but practical and 
useful " Maxims for Moreton " — 
" 'Tis waste of money, trees to buy ; 
Raise tlieni in your nurserj'." 
" Plant not young trees in beds too close together : 
They grow tall, weak, and will not stand the weather." 
" Transplant your Scotch fir seedlings every year ; 
They'll grow more stout, and pay the labour clear." 
" Scotch firs and larch, at three years old best thrive ; 
Oak, ash, at two or tliree, spruce four or five." 
These couplets show a spirit of observation not often met with 
in landowners, and the result of his labours will speak for itself 
at Moreton. 
Planting, the initial step to success or failure, is as a rule, 
email estates, yery carelessly conducted. Those emploj^e^ 
