432 
The Herbage of Old Grass Lands. 
Gramineous herbage . . . • . . . .36 
Leguminous herbage 2 100 
Miscellaneous herbage 62. 
The grasses were : — 
Lolium perenne . . . . . . . . 65] 
Agrostissp. ^^t-100 
Cvnosurus cristatus 1 . I 
Poatrivialis ) " ^'"'''^1 
The small proportion of leguminous herbage was Trifolium pra- 
tense, whilst nearly half the miscellaneous herbage was Rumex 
Acetosa, the remainder consisting of Leontodon sp., Prunella 
vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Centaurea nigra (one plant only), 
Plantago lanceolata, Cerastium triviale, and ^'^eronica Chamsedrys, 
in the order indicated. 
No. 16.— A turf sent by Mr. William Fraser, of Johnstown 
Castle, county Wexford, who states that the field from which 
it is cut is of an undulating nature, and about 200 feet above 
the sea level ; it has been in grass for over twenty-five years : — 
"The grasses oomposing the herbage ace for the most part crested 
dogstail, sweet vernal, perennial ryegrass, and some Yorkshire fog. It is 
not what would be considered a first-rate fattening pasture, and would be 
better adapted for sheep than cattle. I consider this field about the best 
and cleanest old pasture we have. I may mention that the vernal grass 
seems to grow naturally about here in all pastures, and I see it coming 
thick in some new pasture which I have sown down, though I never sow 
any of it. The soil of the field is very good brown clay loam to a depth 
of 9 inches to a foot, resting on a yellow and bluish sandy clay." 
The specimen had the appearance of a reddish-brown friable 
loam, somewhat sticky. Of all the twenty-five turfs the herbage 
of this was most suggestive of a good typical sheep pasture, quite 
confirming the opinion contained in Mr. Eraser's letter. The 
herbage was cut on July 28, and was found to consist of: — 
Gramineous herbage . . . . . . . 30| 
Leguminous herbage . . . . . . . 30 f 100 
Miscellaneous herbage 40 J 
The grasses were made up as follows : — 
AgTOstis sp 59 
Festuca ovina 16 
Lolium perenne 16 
Cynosurus cristatus 6/- 100 
Anthoxanthum odoratum 8 
Poa pratensis ^ 
Holcus lanatus / 
Of the leguminous herbage 60 per cent, was Trifolium repens, 
30 per cent, was Lotus corniculatus, and the remainder was 
Trifolium pratense and Lathyrus pratensis. Of the miscella- 
neous herbage more than 80 per cent, was Achillea Millefolium, 
