Practical Experiences in the Preparation of Food for Stocl: 455 
[Pw Schedule of Questiotis, see page 448.] 
Mr. Robert T. Williams — continued. 
having steamed chaff only reqiiire water once a day, wLUst the others need 
it twice a day. 
8. Oil-cake, barley meal, bran, and maize meal. The barley meal and 
maize meal are given alternately. 
10. Horses : hay, and bruised oats and bran. Cows in Milk : 2 lbs. per 
day oil-cake, 1 lb. per day barley meal or maize meal, 2 lbs. per day bran, 
and 4 lbs. per day chaft'. Hay directly after milking ; chaff at 11 a.m. ; oil- 
cake at 2 p. jr., and after being out for an hour or two ; hay the last meal in 
the evening, about G p.m., as much as they will eat without waste. I do 
not weigh this. Stcine : PoUaids and house refuse. Three days before and 
after farrowing they have bran ; then pollards and bran, adding barley 
meal and milk as soon as the young begin to eat. Fattening pigs: one 
bucket of pollards, one barley meal, and one of maize meal, steamed in 
dairy wash. 
11. In summer grass only. The previously mentioned rations are given 
from October to May. 
13. (rt) No opportunity yet of testing, (b) "With regard to pigs, I should 
say 25 per cent. I consider them much healthier. They eat and lie down, 
never hunting round the sty for grit to aid digestion. 
14. I steam all the food by means of a five-horse-power steam boiler. 
15. Pollards, chaff (hay and straw), barley meal, maize meal. In fact, I 
should steam all meals for the cattle. Proportions already given. 
17. A great saving of food and labour. 
18. For all stock in the winter ; fatting animals all the year round. 
19. The cooked food is al' given warm. This winter the cows at the home 
stannen have had warm water — that is, the chill taken off, say from 55° to 
60°. 
Mr, Chakles Howard, Biddenham, Bedfordshire. 
3. Yes, cut up with hay. 
4. Use no substitute, but reserve enough straw for litter. 
5. Yes. 
6. A small portion unchaffed ; the bulk chaffed. 
7. In my opinion it is more economical to chaff food, as the animals can- 
not separate the cake flour and roots so easily from the chaff, particuhirly if 
damped somewhat more than the roots would damp it of themselves. 
8. I generally boil some tail wheat or barley, as the case may be, and 
throw over the chaff, and then add mixed flour, linseed, and undecorticated 
cotton-cakes. This season, having plenty of potatoes, and being cheap, I 
have boiled them, and thrown them over the chaff'. The bullocks have done 
remarkably well. 
9. 5 lbs. to 6 lbs. of mixed cake, 7 lbs. to 8 lbs. of mixed flour, with the 
warm chaff, as above. Animals fed morning, noon, and evening. 
10. Horses : Hay and straw chaff, oats, split beans, and maize. In sum- 
mer, besides the corn, trefolium, tares, clover, and grass. Dairy stock and 
fattening beasts. — See answer to No. 8. Breeding sheep : A month or six 
weeks before and after lambing, some dry food with oats and cake ; on grass, 
if possible, before lambing. Fattening sheep : roots, clover-chaff, split beans 
and peas, linseed and cotton -cake, oats and a little malt. Pigs: pollard, 
mixed flour, and potatoes. 
11. The winter arrangements are described above. In summer the sheep 
are in clover, tares, trefolium, cabbages and grass, with cake and corn} 
cattle are on the pastures, fatting bullocks getting a portion of cake. 
